Evaluation of Agromorphological Characters of Cassava Cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Eight Agroecological Conditions in Côte d’Ivoire

Thiémélé Deless Edmond Fulgence^{1, 2,} , Hgaza Valérie Kouamé^{1, 2} and Koffi Marie Chantal³

¹Biochemistry and Genetic Department, Peleforo GON COULIBALY (UPGC) University, PO Box 1328, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire

²Research and Development Department, Swiss Center for Scientific Research (CSRS), 01 BP 1303 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

³Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agriculture and Valorization of Biological Resources, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, 01 B.P. V 34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Cite this paper:
Thiémélé Deless Edmond Fulgence, Hgaza Valérie Kouamé and Koffi Marie Chantal. Evaluation of Agromorphological Characters of Cassava Cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from Eight Agroecological Conditions in Côte d’Ivoire. Research in Plant Sciences. 2024; 12(2):11-17. doi: 10.12691/plant-12-2-2

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the agromorphological variabity within cassava cultivars from eight agroecological area conditions or Agro-poles in Côte d’Ivoire. One hundred and forty six (146) cassava cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 10 discriminants quantitatives traits. Data were collected at six and twelve months after planting. High phenotypic variability was shown within the collection for all the traits evaluated. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the 146 accessions confirmed this variability of 71.01% revealed by the first two principal components (PCs). The ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) revealed three groups based on by the height to first branching, the number of leaf lobes, the length of leaf lobe, the petiole length, the number of roots per plant, the fresh root weight and the tuber yield per plant. These three groups were constituted of cassava cultivras independently of the agroecological area from which they were collected. This study demonstrated that there is a considerable genetic variability among ivorian cassava cultivars which should improve food security and breeding potential.

Keywords:
Cassava agro-poles agromorphological variability Côte d’Ivoire

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Faostat. Available: http:// faostat.fao.org/ site/ 567/ default.aspx#ancor. [Accessed Jan. 19, 2024]. 2022.
[2]	Montagnac, J.A., Davis, C.R. and Tanumihardjo S.A. Nutritional value of cassava for use as a staple food and recent advances for improvement. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 8. 181–194. 2009.
[3]	Salvador, E.M., Steenkamp V. and McCrindle C.M.E. Production. consumption and nutritional value of cassava (Manihot esculenta. Crantz) in Mozambique: An overview. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable. 6. 29–38. 2. 2014.
[4]	Latif, S. and Müller J. Potential of cassava leaves in human nutrition: A review. Trends Food Science Technologie 44, pp147–158. 2015.
[5]	Kumba, Y.K., Ifie B., Dzidzienyo D., Danquah E.Y., Blay E.T., Jim B.A.W., Kulakow P., Rabbi I. Parkes E., Omoigui L., Norman P.E., Iluebbey P. Genetic characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes using agro-morphological and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 26(2):317–330. 2020.
[6]	Sholeh, A., Fajar, F., Bella, R., Lavifa S. and Didik P.R. (2023). An Analysis on the Relationship and Genetic Diversity of Indonesian Cassava Accessions (Manihot esculenta). AIP Conference Proceedings 2583. 020017 .2023.
[7]	Dixon, A.G.O., Ngeve, J.M. and Nukenine, E.N. Genotype environment effects on severity of cassava bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopolis pv. manihotis. European Journal of Plant Pathology 108(8):763–770. 2002.
[8]	Ally, H.M., Hamss, H., Simiand, C., Maruthi, M.N., Colvin, J., Omongo, C.A. and Delatte H. What has changed in the outbreaking populations of the severe crop pest whitefly species in cassava in two decades Scientific Reports. 9. 14796. 2019.
[9]	N’Zué, B., Okana, M., Kouakou, A., Dibi, K., Zouhouri, G. and Essis, B. Morphological characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions collected in the centre-west. South-west and west of Côte d’Ivoire. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(6): 220-231. 2014.
[10]	Kouakou, D.A., Koffi, K.K., Angui, C.M.V., Komenan, A.O. and Zoro, Bi. A.I. Agro morphological variability of cassava varieties cultivated in five regions of Côte d’Ivoire based on quantitative traits. Journal of Applied Biosciences 181:18962– 18973. 2023.
[11]	Ferguson, M.E., Shah, T., Kulakow, P. and Ceballos H. A global overview of cassava genetic diversity. Plos ONE 14(11): e0224763 FIRCA. La filière manioc 5 - 8 pp. 2019.
[12]	Adjebeng-Danquah, J., Gracen, V.E., Offei, S.K., Asante, I.K. and Manu-Aduening, J. Agronomic performance and genotypic diversity for morphological traits among cassava genotypes in the Guinea Savannah Ecology of Ghana. Journal Crop Sciece Biotechnologie. 19 99–108. 2016.
[13]	Soro, M., Zida, S.M.F.W., Somé, K., Tiendrébéogo, F., Otron, D.H., Pita J.S., Néya, J.B., Koné. D. Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Number of Unique Genotypes of Cassava Germplasm from Burkina Faso Using Microsatellite Markers. Genes. 15. 73. 2024.
[14]	N’Zué, B. Caractérisation morphologique. selection variétale et amélioration du taux de multiplication végétative chez le manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae). Thèse de doctorat. spécialité: génétique. option amélioration des productions végétales. soutenue en 2007 à l’Université de Cocody. 141 p. 2007.
[15]	Djaha, K.E., Abo, K., Bonny, B.S., Kone, T., Amouakon, W.J.L., Kone, D. and Kone, M. « Caractérisation Agromorphologique de 44 Accessions de Manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivés En Côte d’Ivoire ». International Journal of Biological and Chemica Sciences 11 (1): 174‑84. 2017
[16]	PNIA, (2017). Programme national d’investissement agricole de deuxième génération (2017 – 2025). Rapport final. p157.
[17]	Fukuda, C.M.G., Gómez, C.L.G., Kawuki, R. and Ferguson M.E. Selected Morphological and Agronomic Descriptors for the Characterisation of Cassava. (IIITA Éd.: Ibadan. Nigeria 19. 2010).
[18]	Robooni, T., Paul, S., Rob, M. and Robert K. Combining ability analysis of storage root yield and related traits in cassava at the seedling evaluation stage of breeding. Journal of Crop Improvement. 28(4). 530-546. 2014.
[19]	Diaguna, R., Santosa, S.E., Pramuhadi, A.G., Nuryartono, N., Yusfiandayani, R. and Prartono T. Morphological and Physiological Characterization of Cassava Genotypes on Dry Land of Ultisol Soil in Indonesia. International Journal of Agronomy. pp 1-11. 2022.
[20]	Thiemele, D.E.F., Silue, S. and Noba, A.G.T. Agromorphological diversity of local cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions cultivated in the South of Côte d’Ivoire. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences. Vol. 14(1). pp. 113-122. 2024a.
[21]	Raghu, D., Senthil, N., Saraswathi, T., Raveendran, M., Gnanam, R., Venkatachalam R., Shanmugasundaram P. and Mohan C. Morphological and simple sequence repeats (SSR) based finger printing of south Indian cassava germplasm. International Journal of Integrative Biology 1, 141-149. 2007.
[22]	Agre, A.P., Dansi, A., Rabbi, I.Y., Battachargee, R., Dansi, M., Melaku, G., Augusto, B., Sanni, A., Akouegninou, A. and Akpagana, K. Agromorphological Characterization of Elite Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars Collected in Benin. International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology. Volume 2 Number 2 pp. 1-14. 2015.
[23]	Acquah, E.W., Marian, Q.D. and Twumasi P. Genetic relationships between some released and elite Ghanaian cassava cultivars based on distance matrices. African Journal of Biotechnologie 10(6): 913- 921.2011.
[24]	Thiemele, D.E.F., Kone, D. and Noumouha, E.N.G. Quelle variété de manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) est la plus adaptée aux zones sèches de production agricole ? Une étude agromorphologique des variétés de manioc dans la Région du PORO, au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Science de la vie de la terre et agronomie. Vol.12. pp 56-61. 2024b.
[25]	CIAT (2001). Annual report. Centre Internat. Tropical Agriculture. 72(6), 515-520.
[26]	Swathy, S., Arya, K., Sheela, M.N., Revathi, B.S., Krishnan, B.S. and Senthilkumar K.M. Genetic diversity analysis of Indian Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions using morphological and molecular markers. South African Journal of Botany 161 pp. 347-357. 2023.
[27]	Nadjiam, D., Sarr, P.S., Naïtormbaïdé, M., Mbaïlao Mbaïguinam, J.M.M., and Guisse A. Agro-Morphological Characterization of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivars from Chad. Agricultural Sciences 7 pp 479-492. 2016.
[28]	Yusuf, N., Novita, L. and Indriyani, D. « Characteristics of 22 cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Genotypes from riau province. Indonesia. 48 (2) pp110-119. 2016.
[29]	Elias, M., Doyle, M., Panaud, O., Anstett, M. and Thierry R. « Traditional management of cassava morphological and genetic diversity by the Makushi Amerindians (Guyana. South America): Perspectives for on-farm conservation of crop genetic resources ». Euphytica 120: 143‑57. 2001.
[30]	Adjebeng-Danquah, J., Manu-Aduening, J., Asante, I.K., Agyare, R.Y., Gracen V. and Offei, S.K. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Ghanaian and exotic cassava accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Heliyon 6(1). 2020.