Limiting the Side Effects of Organ Preservation

F. Talaei^1,

¹Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Cite this paper:
F. Talaei. Limiting the Side Effects of Organ Preservation. Global Journal of Surgery. 2013; 1(3):31-36. doi: 10.12691/js-1-3-6

Abstract

The possibility of preserving organs outside the body at two different temperatures, known as cold and normothermic organ preservation has strengthened the potential of expanding donor list and better predicting the outcome. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production seems to be a very important player in regulating the level of damage in both methods of preservation. The main side effect of cold organ preservation which is known to lead to ischemia reperfusion injury, is highly dependent on ROS production. Thus, warm preservation has recently come to attention. This method is an expensive, sophisticated method which needs large volumes of blood for perfusion of the extracted organ and does not fully inhibit side effects of organ preservation. Thus, implementation of the currently used preservation solutions with established benefits such as UW, with recently found molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or substances which either directly or indirectly increase the levels of this substance by activating cellular pathways such as transsulfuration, could increasingly limit the still damaging properties of preservation. This further prevents delayed organ function or organ rejection due to low organ viability after preservation while increasing organ availability. This simple approach would expand the organ preservation time and help to enhance organ quality for more successful organ transplantation.

Keywords:
hypothermia damage warm preservation organ preservation solutions hydrogen sulfide

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Lillehei RC, Manax WG, Bloch JH, Eyal Z, Hidalgo F, Longerbeam JK: In vitro preservation of whole organs by hypothermia and hyperbaric oxygenation. Cryobiology. 1:181-193, 1964.
[2]	Maathuis MH, Leuvenink HG, Ploeg RJ: Perspectives in organ preservation. Transplantation. 83:1289-1298, 2007.
[3]	Moers C, Leuvenink HG, Ploeg RJ: Donation after cardiac death: Evaluation of revisiting an important donor source. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 25:666-673, 2010.
[4]	Laight DW: Therapeutic approaches to organ preservation injury. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. 15:1489-1496(8), 1 November 2005.
[5]	Van Raemdonck D: Thoracic organs: Current preservation technology and future prospects; part 1: Lung. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 15:150-155, 2010.
[6]	Dyer P, Johnson R: The historical basis of current challenges in organ transplantation. Surgery (Oxford). 22:312-318, 2004.
[7]	Jeevanandam V: Improving donor organ function-cold to warm preservation. World J Surg. 34:628-631, 2010.
[8]	Shoskes DA, Halloran PF: Delayed graft function in renal transplantation: Etiology, management and long-term significance. J Urol. 155:1831-1840, 1996.
[9]	Strom TB, Suthanthiran M: Therapeutic approach to organ transplantation. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 11:1176-1181, 1996.
[10]	Boutilier RG: Mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia. J Exp Biol. 204:3171-3181, 2001.
[11]	Jeevanandam V: Improving donor organ function-cold to warm preservation. World J Surg. 34:628-631, 2010.
[12]	Broelsch CE, Frilling A, Testa G, Cicinnati V, Nadalin S, Paul A, Malago M: Early and late complications in the recipient of an adult living donor liver. Liver Transpl. 9:S50-3, 2003.
[13]	Fitton TP, Barreiro CJ, Bonde PN, Wei C, Gage F, Rodriguez R, Conte JV: Attenuation of DNA damage in canine hearts preserved by continuous hypothermic perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg. 80:1812-1820, 2005.
[14]	Southard JH, Belzer FO: Organ preservation. Annu Rev Med. 46:235-247, 1995.
[15]	Swanson DK, Pasaoglu I, Berkoff HA, Southard JA, Hegge JO: Improved heart preservation with UW preservation solution. J Heart Transplant. 7:456-467, 1988.
[16]	Xiong L, Mazmanian M, Chapelier AR, Reignier J, Weiss M, Dartevelle PG, Herve P: Lung preservation with euro-collins, university of wisconsin, wallwork, and low-potassium-dextran solution. universite++ paris-sud lung transplant group. Ann Thorac Surg. 58:845-850, 1994.
[17]	17. Sumimoto R, Kamada N: Lactobionate as the most important component in UW solution for liver preservation. Transplant Proc. 22:2198-2199, 1990.
[18]	Den Butter G, Saunder A, Marsh DC, Belzer FO, Southard JH: Comparison of solutions for preservation of the rabbit liver as tested by isolated perfusion. Transpl Int. 8:466-471, 1995.
[19]	Fujimoto Y, Olson DW, Madsen KL, Zeng J, Jewell LD, Kneteman NM, Bigam DL, Churchill TA: Defining the role of a tailored luminal solution for small bowel preservation. Am J Transplant. 2:229-236, 2002.
[20]	Mühlbacher F, Langer F, Mittermayer C: Preservation solutions for transplantation. Transplant Proc. 31:2069-2070, 1999.
[21]	Brockmann J, Reddy S, Coussios C, Pigott D, Guirriero D, Hughes D, Morovat A, Roy D, Winter L, Friend PJ: Normothermic perfusion: A new paradigm for organ preservation. Ann Surg. 250:1-6, 2009.
[22]	Seifalian AM, Mallet SV, Rolles K, Davidson BR: Hepatic microcirculation during human orthotopic liver transplantation. Br J Surg. 84:1391-1395, 1997.
[23]	Talaei F, Schmidt M, Henning RH: Induction of VMAT-1 and TPH-1 expression induces vesicular accumulation of serotonin and protects cells and tissue from Cooling/Rewarming injury. PLoS One. 7:e30400, 2012.
[24]	Kohmoto J, Nakao A, Sugimoto R, Wang Y, Zhan J, Ueda H, McCurry KR: Carbon monoxide-saturated preservation solution protects lung grafts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 136:1067-1075, 2008.
[25]	Hu X, Li T, Bi S, Jin Z, Zhou G, Bai C, Li L, Cui Q, Liu W: Possible role of hydrogen sulfide on the preservation of donor rat hearts. Transplant Proc. 39:3024-3029, 2007.
[26]	Brinkkoetter PT, Song H, Losel R, Schnetzke U, Gottmann U, Feng Y, Hanusch C, Beck GC, Schnuelle P, Wehling M, van der Woude FJ, Yard BA: Hypothermic injury: The mitochondrial calcium, ATP and ROS love-hate triangle out of balance. Cell Physiol Biochem. 22:195-204, 2008.
[27]	Yard B, Beck G, Schnuelle P, Braun C, Schaub M, Bechtler M, Gottmann U, Xiao Y, Breedijk A, Wandschneider S, Losel R, Sponer G, Wehling M, van der Woude FJ: Prevention of cold-preservation injury of cultured endothelial cells by catecholamines and related compounds. Am.J.Transplant. 4:22-30, 2004.
[28]	Schnuelle P, Gottmann U, Hoeger S, Boesebeck D, Lauchart W, Weiss C, Fischereder M, Jauch KW, Heemann U, Zeier M, Hugo C, Pisarski P, Kramer BK, Lopau K, Rahmel A, Benck U, Birck R, Yard BA: Effects of donor pretreatment with dopamine on graft function after kidney transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 302:1067-1075, 2009.
[29]	Talaei F, Hylkema MN, Bouma HR, Boerema AS, Strijkstra AM, Henning RH, Schmidt M: Reversible remodeling of lung tissue during hibernation in the syrian hamster. J Exp Biol. 214:1276-1282, 2011.
[30]	Bouma HR, Kroese FGM, Kok JW, Talaei F, Boerema AS, Herwig A, Draghiciu O, van Buiten A, Epema AH, van Dam A, Strijkstra AM, Henning RH: Low body temperature governs the decline of circulating lymphocytes during hibernation through sphingosine-1-phosphate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108:2052-2057, 2011.
[31]	Zancanaro C, Malatesta M, Mannello F, Vogel P, Fakan S: The kidney during hibernation and arousal from hibernation. A natural model of organ preservation during cold ischaemia and reperfusion. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 14:1982-1990, 1999.
[32]	Talaei F, Bouma HR, Van der Graaf AC, Strijkstra AM, Schmidt M, Henning RH: Serotonin and dopamine protect from Hypothermia/Rewarming damage through the CBS/ H(2)S pathway. PLoS One. 6:e22568, 2011.
[33]	Tang G, Wu L, Liang W, Wang R: Direct stimulation of K(ATP) channels by exogenous and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Pharmacol. 68:1757-1764, 2005.
[34]	Mustafa AK, Gadalla MM, Sen N, Kim S, Mu W, Gazi SK, Barrow RK, Yang G, Wang R, Snyder SH: H2S signals through protein S-sulfhydration. Sci.Signal. 2:ra72, 2009.
[35]	Talaei F: Modulation of endogenous H2S production: Its role in hibernation and pharmacological cell protection. S.l., 2011.
[36]	Calvert JW, Coetzee WA, Lefer DJ: Novel insights into hydrogen sulfide--mediated cytoprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal. 12:1203-1217, 2010.
[37]	Talaei F, Bouma HR, Hylkema MN, Strijkstra AM, Boerema AS, Schmidt M, Henning RH: The role of endogenous H2S formation in reversible remodeling of lung tissue during hibernation in the syrian hamster. J Exp Biol. 215:2912-2919, 2012.
[38]	Ramirez AM, Nunley DR, Rojas M, Roman J: Activation of tissue remodeling precedes obliterative bronchiolitis in lung transplant recipients. Biomark Insights. 3:351-359, 2008.
[39]	Rienstra H, Katta K, Celie JW, van Goor H, Navis G, van den Born J, Hillebrands JL: Differential expression of proteoglycans in tissue remodeling and lymphangiogenesis after experimental renal transplantation in rats. PLoS One. 5:e9095, 2010.
[40]	Talaei F, Bouma H, Van der Graaf A, Strijkstra A, Schmidt M, Henning R: Serotonin and dopamine protect from Hypothermia/Rewarming damage through the CBS/ H2S pathway. PLoS ONE. 6:e22568, 2011.
[41]	Tambyraja AL, Mitchell R, Driscoll PJ, Deans C, Parks RW, Rahman I, Megson IL: Glutathione supplementation to university of wisconsin solution causes endothelial dysfunction. Transpl Immunol. 18:146-150, 2007.