Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect

Martin Alberto Masuelli^{1, 2,}

¹Instituto de Física Aplicada, CONICET. Cátedra de Química Física II, Área de Química Física

²Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina

Cite this paper:
Martin Alberto Masuelli. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry. 2013; 1(1):13-21. doi: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3

Abstract

The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [η] measurements at different temperatures. Molecular weight (M_v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50ºC, ie with increasing T a increases and k_M-H decreases. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (R_H decreases) for the M_w range from 8.8 to 200kDa.

Keywords:
intrinsic viscosity dextrans Mark-Houwink parameters hydrodynamic temperature

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Ioan, C.E.; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). Structure Properties of Dextran. 2. Dilute Solution. Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739.
[2]	Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. (2003). Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512FMCM dextransucrase. Carbohydrate Research, 338, 1183-1189.
[3]	De Belder, A.N. (2003). Dextran. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com.
[4]	De Belder, A. N. (2001). Dextran Fractions. Data File Dextran. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com.
[5]	Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L.; Bataille, B. (2008). A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329.
[6]	Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E.; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. (1954). Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052.
[7]	Arond L.H.; Fran, H.P. (1954). Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957.
[8]	Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270.
[9]	Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94.
[10]	Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. European. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181.
[11]	Stenekes, R.J.H.; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. (2001). Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Biomaterials, 22, 1891-1898.
[12]	Liu Zonghua; Yanpeng Jiao; Yifei Wang; Changren Zhou; Ziyong Zhang (2008). Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662.
[13]	Crini, G. (2005). Recent developments in polysaccharide-based materials used as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70.
[14]	Pavlov, G.M.; Grishchenko, A.E.; Rjumtsev, E.I.; Yevlampieva N.P. (1999). Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271.
[15]	Leiva, Angel; Muñoz, Natalia; Urzúa, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86.
[16]	Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. (2006). Viscosity of aqueous solutions of polysaccharides and hydrophobically modified polysaccharides: Application of Fedors equation. European Polymer Journal, 42, 1086-1092.
[17]	Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378.
[18]	Hennink, W.E.; De Jong, S.J.; Bos, G.W.; Veldhuis, T.F.J.; van Nostrum, C.F. (2004). Biodegradable dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation for the controlled release of pharmaceutical proteins. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 277, 99-104.
[19]	Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24.
[20]	Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716.
[21]	Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matrix. 2. Macromolecules, 33, 6372-6377.
[22]	Nordmeier, Eckliard (1993). Static and Dynamic Light-Scattering Solution Behavior of Pullulan and Dextran in Comparison. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 5110-5185.
[23]	Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1260-1267.
[24]	Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826.
[25]	Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Analytical Chemistry, 64, 1295-1303.
[26]	Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390.
[27]	Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546.
[28]	Granath, K. A. (1958). Solution properties of branched dextran. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328.
[29]	Gekko, K. (1971). Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. II. Intrinsic viscosity molecular weight relationship. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238.
[30]	Bose, A.; Rollings, J. E.; Caruthers, J. M.; Okos, M. R.; Tsao, T. G. (1982). Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810.
[31]	Bahary, W.S.; Hogan, M.P. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. Int. GPC Symp. Proc. 1994, 95-0355.
[32]	Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Advances in chemistry series Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., pp. 151-166.
[33]	Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. (1998). SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, Mark–Houwink constants. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326.
[34]	Guner, Ali (1999). Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876.
[35]	Catiker, E.; Guner, A. (2000). Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. European Polymer Journal, 36, 2143-2146.
[36]	Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622.
[37]	Tirtaatmadja, V.; Dunstan, D. E.; Boger, D. V. (2001). Rheology of dextran solutions. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301.
[38]	Durand, A. (2007). Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753.
[39]	Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381.
[40]	López Martínez, M. C.; Díaz Baños, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; García de , J. (2003). Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038.
[41]	Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. IV. Dependence on Concentration. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718.
[42]	Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. (2008). Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137.
[43]	Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. 8.
[44]	Solomon, O. F. ; Ciutǎ I. Z. (1962). Détermination de la viscosité intrinsèque de solutions de polymères par une simple détermination de la viscosité. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 6, 683-686.
[45]	Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. (1969). On single point determination of intrinsic viscosity. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032.
[46]	Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. (2013). Hydrodynamic Properties of Tragacanthin. Study of temperature influence. Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34.
[47]	Harding, Stephen E. (1997). The Intrinsic Viscosity of Biological Macromolecules. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262.
[48]	Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. (1991). Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144.
[49]	Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Polymer molecular weight distribution. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579.
[50]	He, L.; Niemeyer, B. (2003). A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548.
[51]	Ortega, A.; García de la Torre, J. (2007). Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475.
[52]	Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. (1999). Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Progr. Colloid Polym. Sci. 113, 81-86.
[53]	Bohdanecky, Miloslav (1996). Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Θ Condition. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268.
[54]	Morris, G.A.; Patel, T.R.; Picout, D.R.; Ross-Murphy, S.B.; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. (2008). Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. Carbohydrate Polymers 72, 356-360.
[55]	Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Structural characterization of a new dextran with a low degree of branching produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides FT045B dextransucrase. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444.
[56]	Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. (1990). On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450.
[57]	Ubbelohde, Leo. (1937). The Principle of the Suspended Level: Applications to the Measurement of Viscosity and Other Properties of Liquids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed., 9(2), 85-90.
[58]	Viswanath, D.S.; Prasad, D.H.L.; Dutt, N.V.K.; Rani, K.Y.; Ghosh, T.K. (2007). Viscosity of Liquids. Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. Springer Editions.
[59]	Pamiés, R.; Hernández Cifre, J. G.; López Martínez, M.C.; García de , J. (2008). Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231.
[60]	Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). Polymolecularity and polydispersity in Molecular weight determinations. Pure Appl. Chem. 43-1, 115-147.
[61]	Kasaai, M. R.; Arul, J.; Charlet, G. (2000). Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598.
[62]	Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Calculation of Mark–Houwink–Sakurada (MHS) equation viscometric constants for chitosan in any solvent–temperatura system using experimental reported viscometric constants data. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488.
[63]	Cecopieri-Gómez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaquín (2005). Interaction Parameter (χ); Expansion Factor (ε); Steric Hindrance Factor (σ); and Shielding Function F(ξ); for the System PEA–Organic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433.
[64]	Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 8020-8025.
[65]	Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. (2012). Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410.
[66]	Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine ; Desbrieres, Jacques ; Marie, Emmanuelle ; Durand, Alain. (2013). Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365.
[67]	Mainaa, Ndegwa Henry; Pitkänen, Leena; Heikkinen, Sami; Tuomainen; Päivi; Virkki, Liisa; Tenkanen, Maija (2014). Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Polymers 99, 199-207.
[68]	Beer, M.U.; Wood, P.J.; Weisz, J. (1999). A simple and rapid method for evaluation of Mark–Houwink–Saturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusión chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380.
[69]	Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Materiaux 1-5. Viscotek GmbH, Europe.
[70]	Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA.
[71]	Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). Changes in the Mark-Houwink hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907.
[72]	Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). Effect of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity and conformation of chitosan in dilute HCl solution. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141.
[73]	Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. (1987). Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214.
[74]	Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66.