Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity Utilizing Eatable Vegetables from Poultry Farm Region of Osun State

T. O. Ogunwale^1, , P. A Ogar², G. F. Kayode³, K. D. Salami⁴, J. A. O. Oyekunle⁵, A. O. Ogunfowokan⁵, J. F. Obisanya⁶ and O. A. Akindolani⁵

¹Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Faculty of Science

²National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, Ibadan, Nigeria

³Department of Integrated Science, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Faculty of Science

⁴Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Federal University Dutse, Duste, Faculty of Agriculture

⁵Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Faculty of Science, Nigeria

⁶Institute for Entrepreneurship and Development Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
T. O. Ogunwale, P. A Ogar, G. F. Kayode, K. D. Salami, J. A. O. Oyekunle, A. O. Ogunfowokan, J. F. Obisanya and O. A. Akindolani. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity Utilizing Eatable Vegetables from Poultry Farm Region of Osun State. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health. 2021; 9(1):6-15. doi: 10.12691/jephh-9-1-2

Abstract

Heavy metals are present everywhere in the environment attributable to both geogenic and anthropogenic inputs and humans are vulnerable to them via various exposure pathways. Heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants is of grave concern because of the possible human health risks. This research article examined the seasonal concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc in leafy vegetables of Talinum triangulare and Vernonia amygdalina samples planted in some poultry farms and determine the risks involved in consumption of that vegetables. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was applied to evaluate the contents of the metals in the vegetables. Quality monitoring procedures comprised blank analysis, recovery test and calibration of standards. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for data analyses. Hazard quotient, daily intake of metals, health risk index and transfer factor were also determined. The pattern of metals mean value in the soil was As > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd while for vegetables was Fe > Zn > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. The TFs pattern for metals from soil to plant was Zn > Fe > Cd > As > Cu > Pb for Talinum triangulare and Fe > Zn > Cd > As > Cu > Pb for Vernonia amygdalina in both seasons. The sequence of the DIM value was Fe > Zn > As > Cu > Pb > Cd for both plants. The results indicated very high HRI and THQ values for As (22.60 and 61.00). This asserted that the intake of vegetables planted on the soil of the farms studied present a health risk for humans with regard to the evaluated metals.

Keywords:
metals hazard quotient health risk index vegetable

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