Hydrogeochemical and Statistical Characterization of Groundwater in the Lakes Region (Central Côte d’Ivoire)

SORO Gbombele^1, , COULIBALY Adama¹, TRAORE Abou¹, ADJIRI Oi. Adjiri², N’guessan Marie-Rosine FOSSOU³, SORO Tanina Drissa², OGA Yeï Marie Solange¹ and SORO Nagnin¹

¹Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Laboratoire des Sciences du Sol, de l’Eau et des Géomateriaux, UFR Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

²Université Lorougnon Guedé de Daloa, Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l’Environnement, UFR Environnement, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

³Université Nangui Abrogoua, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement, UFR Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 Côte d’Ivoire

Cite this paper:
SORO Gbombele, COULIBALY Adama, TRAORE Abou, ADJIRI Oi. Adjiri, N’guessan Marie-Rosine FOSSOU, SORO Tanina Drissa, OGA Yeï Marie Solange and SORO Nagnin. Hydrogeochemical and Statistical Characterization of Groundwater in the Lakes Region (Central Côte d’Ivoire). Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health. 2020; 8(2):69-78. doi: 10.12691/jephh-8-2-4

Abstract

Rural inhabitants depend on groundwater for their drinking water in the Lakes region of central Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study is to identify the factors responsible of the water mineralisation and the sources of major ions in groundwater within the area. 123 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters. Multivariate statistical techniques including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were applied on the dataset to evaluate the geochemical processes that control the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater. Ca-HCO₃ and Mg-Ca-HCO₃ hydrochemical facies predominate the groundwater samples. The first 4 factors explain 79.139% of the total variance, their loading allowing the interpretation of hydrogeochemical processes in the area. The sources of ions in the groundwater are due to two main factors: natural mineralisation and anthropogenic activities. The silicates mineral weathering such as acid hydrolysis of silicates provide the major part of the ions in groundwater such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and HCO₃^-. The concentrations of NO^-₃ and Cl^- in groundwater were due to anthropogenic activities such as farming. Reduction-oxidation process produced Mn and Fe. The results of this study show the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques in hydrochemical studies.

Keywords:
PCA CA groundwater hydrogeochemical Lakes region Côte d’Ivoire

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