Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport
ISSN (Print): 2376-1326 ISSN (Online): 2376-1334 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/jbe Editor-in-chief: Pr. Abdelfatteh Bouri
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport. 2023, 11(1), 19-25
DOI: 10.12691/jbe-11-1-3
Open AccessArticle

Using the HOLSAT Model to Evaluate Tourist Satisfaction at a Tourist Destination: A Case of Spanish Tourists in Vietnam

Nguyen Thi Hong1, , Nguyen Thi Loc1 and Nguyen Thi Kim Tien1

1The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Vietnam

Pub. Date: June 29, 2023

Cite this paper:
Nguyen Thi Hong, Nguyen Thi Loc and Nguyen Thi Kim Tien. Using the HOLSAT Model to Evaluate Tourist Satisfaction at a Tourist Destination: A Case of Spanish Tourists in Vietnam. Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport. 2023; 11(1):19-25. doi: 10.12691/jbe-11-1-3

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a significant growth of Spanish tourists in Vietnam. Therefore, it is essential to know their level of satisfaction so that the government, together with the country's tourism organizations and companies, can take measures to increase the country's strengths and thus make it more competitive compared to other destinations in Asia. The HOLSAT is a model proposed by Tribe and Snaith (1998) to evaluate tourist satisfaction at a destination by comparing their experiences and previous expectations, considering both positive and negative attributes of the destination. In the present study, the HOLSAT is used for the case of tourists from Spain to the destination of Vietnam. The results show that HOLSAT is a valuable tool to determine the level of satisfaction of Spanish tourists by measuring the satisfaction of their experience in Vietnam. Concluding that most attributes are positive in the comparison between perceptions and expectations, these are the strengths of Vietnam tourism. Moreover, the existing weaknesses, infrastructure, and transport must be improved for sustainable development to conserve resources and minimize the negative impacts of tourism on natural resources, culture, politics, and society in general.

Keywords:
Vietnam Spanish tourist HOLSAT satisfaction perception

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  The World Travel & Tourism Council (2019). Travel & tourism economic impact 2019 world. Retrieved from https://www.wttc.org/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2019/world2019.pdf.
 
[2]  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2019). Vietnam. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/VN.
 
[3]  Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (2019a). Statistics of international tourists. Retrieved from http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/statistic/international.
 
[4]  World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2019). International tourism highlights. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/publication/international-tourism-highlights-2019-edition.
 
[5]  The World Bank (2019). TAKING STOCK Recent Economic Developments of Vietnam, Special Focus: Vietnam’s Tourism Developments: Stepping Back from the Tipping Point-Vietnam’s Tourism Trends, Challenges, and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/821801561652657954/pdf/Taking-Stock-Recent-Economic-Developments- of-Vietnam-Special-Focus-Vietnams-Tourism-Developments-Stepping-Back-from-the-Tipping-Point-Vietnams-Tourism-Trends- Challenges-and-Policy-Priorities.pdf.
 
[6]  Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (2019b). Revenue from tourists. Retrieved from http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/30023.
 
[7]  Gursoy, D., McCleary, K. W. & L. R. Lepsito (2007). “Propensity to complain: effects of personality and behavioral factors.” Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31 (3), 358-386.
 
[8]  Naidoo, P., Ramseook Munhurrun, P., & Ladsawut, J. (2010). Tourist satisfaction with Mauritius as a holiday destination. Global Journal of Business Research, 4(2), 113-123.
 
[9]  Oliver Richard, L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: Irwin-McGraw-Hill.
 
[10]  Kottler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2006). Administração de marketing. São Paulo: Atlas, 5ª.
 
[11]  Hansemark, O. C., & Albinsson, M. (2004). Customer satisfaction and retention: the experiences of individual employees. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal.
 
[12]  Anderson, R. E. (1973). Consumer dissatisfaction: The effect of disconfirmed expectancy on perceived product performance. Journal of marketing research, 10(1), 38-44.
 
[13]  Um, S., Chon, K., & Ro, Y. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of tourism research, 33(4), 1141-1158.
 
[14]  Antón, C., Camarero, C., & Laguna García, M. (2014). Towards a new approach of destination royalty drivers: satisfaction, visit intensity and tourist motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 35, 1-23.
 
[15]  Bogomolova, S. (2010). Life after death? Analyzing post-defection consumer brand equity. Journal of Business Research, 63(11), 1135-1141.
 
[16]  Lin, C. H., Wu, C. W., & Cheng, Y. H. (2015). The empirical study of consumers' loyalty for display technology. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2260-2265.
 
[17]  Nyadzayo, M. W., & Khajehzadeh, S. (2016). The antecedents of customer loyalty: A moderated mediation model of customer relationship management quality and brand image. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 30, 262-270.
 
[18]  Orel, F. D., & Kara, A. (2014). Supermarket self-checkout service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2), 118-129.
 
[19]  Ross, E. L. D., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1991). Sightseeing tourists' motivation and satisfaction. Annals of tourism research, 18(2), 226-237.
 
[20]  Sukiman, M. F., Omar, S. I., Muhibudin, M., Yussof, I., & Mohamed, B. (2013). Tourist satisfaction as the key to destination survival in Pahang. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 91, 78-87.
 
[21]  Yuksel, A., Yuksel, F. y Bilim, Y. (2010). Destination attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty. Tourism Management, 31(2), 274-284.
 
[22]  Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Annals of tourism research, 27(3), 785-804.
 
[23]  Sanchez, J., Callarisa, L., Rodriguez, R. M., & Moliner, M. A. (2006). Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product. Tourism management, 27(3), 394-409.
 
[24]  Chen, Ching-Fu., & Chen, Fu-Shian. (2010). Experience Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavior Intentions for Heritage Tourists. Tourism Management, 31, 29-35.
 
[25]  Cayo Velásquez, N., y Arcaya Chambilla, L. E. (2012). Grado de satisfacción de los servicios turísticos en la ciudad de Puno 2011 Perú, COMUNI@CCIÓN, 4(1), 28-37.
 
[26]  Cong, L. C. (2016). A formative model of the relationship between destination quality, tourist satisfaction and intentional loyalty: An empirical test in Vietnam. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 26, 50-62.
 
[27]  Gaki, E., Kostopoulou, S., Parisi, E., & Lagos, D. (2016). The evaluation of tourism satisfaction in island destinations: The case of the Ionian Islands of Greece.
 
[28]  Chenini, A., & Touaiti, M. (2018). Building destination loyalty using tourist satisfaction and destination image: A holistic conceptual framework. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 4(2), 37-43.
 
[29]  Hosany, S., & Witham, M. (2010). Dimensions of cruisers’ experiences, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of Travel Research, 49(3), 351–364.
 
[30]  Gómez, M. C. O., Pérez, W. G., y Duarte, L. K. T. (2017). Satisfacción con un destino turístico: Una investigación en Villavicencio (Colombia). In Vestigium Ire, 10(2), 97-111.
 
[31]  Zabkar, V., Brencic, M. M., y Dmitrovic, T. (2009). Modeling perceived quality, visitor satisfaction and behavioral intentions at the destination level. Tourism Management, 31(4), 537– 546.
 
[32]  Chi, C. G. Q., & Qu, H. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management, 29(4), 624–636.
 
[33]  Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of travel research, 39(1), 78-84.
 
[34]  Kozak, M., & Rimmington, M. (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of travel research, 38(3), 260-269.
 
[35]  Chenini, A., & Cherif, N. E. (2016). Factors influencing image of tourist destination: Integrated marketing communications approach; conceptualization and retrospective re-debate. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5, 1-16.
 
[36]  Beltrán, B. M. Á. (2014). Las motivaciones como factor clave de la conducta turística. Un estudio empírico en el Sureste Español.
 
[37]  Nguyen, A. T. (2010). Competitiveness of Vietnam's tourism destinations (doctoral thesis), University of Economics, Vietnam National University.
 
[38]  Vu, T. B. (2016). The country of Vietnam. Hanoi, Center of Tourism Information Technology.
 
[39]  Truong, T. H., y Foster, D. (2006). Using HOLSAT to evaluate tourist satisfaction at destinations: The case of Australian holidaymakers in Vietnam. Tourism management, 27(5), 842-855.