Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications

Amer Ahmed^1, , Muhammad Aslam², Muhammad Ashraf², Faiz ul-Hassan Nasim^2, , Kashfa Batool² and Aasia Bibi²

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

²Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Cite this paper:
Amer Ahmed, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Ashraf, Faiz ul-Hassan Nasim, Kashfa Batool and Aasia Bibi. Microbial β-Glucosidases: Screening, Characterization, Cloning and Applications. Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology. 2017; 5(2):57-73. doi: 10.12691/jaem-5-2-2

Abstract

Cellulose is the most abundant biomaterial in the biosphere and the major component of plant biomass. Cellulase is an enzymatic system required for conversion of renewable cellulose biomass into free sugar for subsequent use in different applications. Cellulase system mainly consists of three individual enzymes namely: endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidases. β-Glucosidases are ubiquitous enzymes found in all living organisms with great biological significance. β-Glucosidases have also tremendous biotechnological applications such as biofuel production, beverage industry, food industry, cassava detoxification and oligosaccharides synthesis. Microbial β-glucosidases are preferred for industrial uses because of robust activity and novel properties exhibited by them. This review aims at describing the various biochemical methods used for screening and evaluating β-glucosidases activity from microbial sources. Subsequently, it generally highlights techniques used for purification of β-glucosidases. It then elaborates various biochemical and molecular properties of this valuable enzyme such as pH and temperature optima, glucose tolerance, substrate specificity, molecular weight, and multiplicity. Furthermore, it describes molecular cloning and expression of bacterial, fungal and metagenomic β-glucosidases. Finally, it highlights the potential biotechnological applications of β-glucosidases.

Keywords:
lignocellulose biomass cellulose cellulase β-glucosidase biofuel transglycosylation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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