Developing Microbial Inocula to Support Biofuel Crop Cultivation on Tributyltin Contaminated Marine Sediments

Christopher Finnegan^1, , David Ryan¹, Anne-Marie Enright¹ and Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos¹

¹Enviro CORE, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland

Cite this paper:
Christopher Finnegan, David Ryan, Anne-Marie Enright and Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos. Developing Microbial Inocula to Support Biofuel Crop Cultivation on Tributyltin Contaminated Marine Sediments. Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology. 2017; 5(2):47-56. doi: 10.12691/jaem-5-2-1

Abstract

Tributyltin (TBT) is a synthetic organotin compound and is recognised as the most toxic chemical ever knowingly introduced into the marine environment. Organotins have a wide range of application with an estimated global production of 50,000 tons per year therefore impacts from TBT can be seen or anticipated in many environments including protected areas like aqua farms and world heritage sites effecting aquaculture and undisturbed ecosystems. Due to the impact of TBT a necessity exists for the treatment of contaminated sediment and soil using nature-based solutions as it is both non-invasive and sustainable. However these remediation techniques must also be economically interesting to increase its acceptance. Thus using the biomass from plant species with the ability to cultivate in dredged sediment for biofuel and biomaterials production should be considered to ensure that renewable energy consumption of 10% is meet by 2020. The objectives of this study is to investigate the potential of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus to cultivate in marine sediments despite the salinity and TBT pollution for a 30 day pot trial. Further to inoculate seedling roots with known TBT degrading bacteria to enhance the phytoremediation capacity. Also to establish if bacterial isolates C7 and C22 are plant growth promoting bacteria. Statistical analysis on seedlings biomass was carried out followed by analytical analyses by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and sediment analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed a maximum decrease of ≥ 82% and ≥ 80% of TBT in sediment samples respectively with bacteria inoculum C7 (KX881905) and C22 (KX881904), further Hordeum vulgare seedlings were the ideal candidate plant species with a significant production of biomass.

Keywords:
bioremediation crop cultivation gas chromatography phytoremediation microbial interactions marine sediments

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Antizar-Ladislao, B. (2008). Environmental levels, toxicity and human exposure to tributyltin (TBT)-contaminated marine environment. A review. Environment International, 34(2), pp. 292-308.
[2]	Kotrikla, A. (2009). Environmental management aspects for TBT antifouling wastes from the shipyards. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, pp. S77-S85.
[3]	Du, J., Chadalavada, S., Chen, Z. and Naidu, R. (2014). Environmental remediation techniques of tributyltin contamination in soil and water: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 235, pp. 141-150.
[4]	Gadd, G. (2000). Microbial interactions with tributyltin compounds: detoxification, accumulation, and environmental fate. Science of The Total Environment, 258(1-2), pp. 119-127.
[5]	Khanolkar, D., Dubey, S. and Naik, M. (2015). Biotransformation of tributyltin chloride to less toxic dibutyltin dichloride and monobutyltin trichloride by Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SD9. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 104, pp. 212-218.
[6]	Silva, P., Silva, A., Mendo, S. and Loureiro, S. (2014). Toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to terrestrial organisms and its species sensitivity distribution. Science of The Total Environment, 466-467, pp. 1037-1046.
[7]	Morabito, R. (2000). Derivatization methods for the determination of organotin compounds in environmental samples. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 19(2-3), pp. 113-119.
[8]	Cruz, A., Henriques, I., Sousa, A., Baptista, I., Almeida, A., Takahashi, S., Tanabe, S., Correia, A., Suzuki, S., Anselmo, A. and Mendo, S. (2014). A microcosm approach to evaluate the degradation of tributyltin (TBT) by Aeromonas molluscorum Av27 in estuarine sediments. Environmental Research, 132, pp. 430-437.
[9]	Zhou, Q., Jiang, G. and Liu, J. (2002). Organotin Pollution in China. The Scientific World JOURNAL, 2, pp. 655-659.
[10]	TAKEUCHI, M., MIZUISHI, K. and HOBO, T. (2000). Determination of Organotin Compounds in Environmental Samples. Analytical Sciences, 16(4), pp. 349-359.
[11]	Moscoso-Pérez, C., Fernández-González, V., Moreda-Piñeiro, J., López-Mahía, P., Muniategui-Lorenzo, S. and Prada-Rodríguez, D. (2015). Determination of organotin compounds in waters by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry under the European Water Framework Directive. Journal of Chromatography A, 1385, pp. 85-93.
[12]	Jones, M.A., Stauber, J., Apte, S., Simpson, S., Vicente-Beckett, V., Johnson, R., and Duivenvoorden, L. (2005) A risk assessment approach to contaminants in Port Curtis, Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 51(1-4), pp. 448-458.
[13]	Negri, A.P., Smith, L.D. Webster, N.S. and Heyward, A.J. (2002) Understanding ship-grounding impacts on a coral reef: potential effects of anti-foulant paint contamination on coral recruitment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 44(2), pp. 111-117.
[14]	Negri, A.P., Hales, L.T., Battershill, C., Wolff, C. and Webster, N.S. (2004) TBT contamination identified in Antarctic marine sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 48, pp. 1142-1144.
[15]	Ofoegbu, P., Simão, F., Cruz, A., Mendo, S., Soares, A. and Pestana, J. (2016). Toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Chemosphere, 148, pp. 61-67.
[16]	Bramhachar, P., Kumar, B., Deepika, K. and Gnanender, S. (2014). Alcaligenes sp. Strain VBAK101: A Potent Tributyltin Chloride (TBTCL) Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Vishakaptanam Shipping Harbour Sediments. Research Journal of Microbiology, 9(2), pp. 82-94.
[17]	Dubey, S. and Roy, U. (2003). Review: Biodegradation of tributyltins (organotins) by marine bacteria. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 17(1), pp. 3-8.
[18]	Cruz, A., Anselmo, A., Suzuki, S. and Mendo, S. (2015). Tributyltin (TBT): A Review on Microbial Resistance and Degradation. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 45(9), pp. 970-1006.
[19]	Cruz, A., Caetano, T., Suzuki, S. and Mendo, S. (2007). Aeromonas veronii, a tributyltin (TBT)-degrading bacterium isolated from an estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro in Portugal. Marine Environmental Research, 64(5), pp. 639-650.
[20]	Jeong, B., Hong, S., Choi, Y., Kumaran, R., Kim, M., Kim, S. and Kim, H. (2011). Isolation of Tributyltin Chloride Resistance Bacteria and Rapid Electrochemical Determination of Bacterial Organotin Degradation Activity. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 32(1), pp. 356-358.
[21]	Sakultantimetha, A., Keenan, H., Dyer, M., Beattie, T., Bangkedphol, S., Songsasen, A., Galvez, R., Dyer, M. and Dean, S. (2009). Isolation of Tributyltin-Degrading Bacteria Citrobacter braakii and Enterobacter cloacae from Butyltin-Polluted Sediment. Journal of ASTM International, 6(6), p.102120.
[22]	Germaine, K., Byrne, J., Liu, X., Keohane, J., Culhane, J., Lally, R., Kiwanuka, S., Ryan, D. and Dowling, D. (2015). Ecopiling: a combined phytoremediation and passive biopiling system for remediating hydrocarbon impacted soils at field scale. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5.
[23]	Jin, J., Yang, L., Chan, S., Luan, T., Li, Y. and Tam, N. (2011). Effect of nutrients on the biodegradation of tributyltin (TBT) by alginate immobilized microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, in natural river water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 185(2-3), pp. 1582-1586.
[24]	E. (2008). Genomics of cellulosic biofuels. Nature, 454(7206), pp. 841-845.
[25]	Regalbuto, J. (2009). Cellulosic Biofuels--Got Gasoline? Science, 325(5942), pp. 822-824.
[26]	Huber, G., Iborra, S. and Corma, A. (2006). Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering. ChemInform, 37(52).
[27]	Huber, G. and Corma, A. (2007). Synergies Between Bio- and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass. ChemInform, 38(50).
[28]	Nigam, P. and Singh, A. (2011). Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 37(1), pp. 52-68.
[29]	Finnegan, C., Ryan, D., Enright, A-M. and Garcia-Cabellos, G. (2017). Gas Chromatographic Approach to Evaluate the Efficacy of Organotin Degrading Microbes. International Journal of Environmental Bioremediation & Biodegradation. 5(1), pp. 18-26.
[30]	Zou, X., Zeng, L., Guang-yuan, L., Cheng, Y., Xu, J., Zhang, X. (2015). Comparison of transcriptomes undergoing waterlogging at the seedling stage between tolerant and sensitive varieties of Brassica napus L: Journal of Integrative Agriculture, vol. 14, pp. 17-23.
[31]	Çavuşoğlu, K. and Kabar, K. (2010). Effects of hydrogen peroxide on the germination and early seedling growth of barley under NaCl and high temperature stresses. EurAsian Journal of Biosciences, pp. 70-79.
[32]	Horvai, G. (2014). Gary D. Christian, Purnendu (Sandy) Dasgupta and Kevin Schug: Analytical chemistry, 7th ed. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406(22), pp. 5255-5256.
[33]	Scott, D. (1990). The NIST/EPA/MSDC mass spectral database, personal computer versions 1.0 and 2.0. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 8(1), pp. 3-5.