International Journal of Physics
ISSN (Print): 2333-4568 ISSN (Online): 2333-4576 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ijp Editor-in-chief: B.D. Indu
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
International Journal of Physics. 2023, 11(6), 283-290
DOI: 10.12691/ijp-11-6-2
Open AccessArticle

A New Interpretation of the Negative Energy Solutions to Dirac Equation and a Configuration of the Electron

Zhonglin BO1,

1DuPont China Technical Center, 600 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China

Pub. Date: December 01, 2023

Cite this paper:
Zhonglin BO. A New Interpretation of the Negative Energy Solutions to Dirac Equation and a Configuration of the Electron. International Journal of Physics. 2023; 11(6):283-290. doi: 10.12691/ijp-11-6-2

Abstract

A thorough mathematic analysis was conducted to the negative energy solutions to the Dirac equation in a complex plane due to the fact that the solutions are vectors of complex number. An opposite vector with negative energy state was identified when a vector with positive energy state was defined in a complex plane. We concluded that any opposite vectors in a complex plane must have opposite energy state because their vector heads move always in opposite direction. We configured an electron as a small ball with dimetric vectors instead of a structureless mass point. Based on the new electron configuration, we explained the particle wave duality as the feature of electron’s spinvector in motion, explained the reason for the electrons with half spin quantum number. And we concluded that de Broglie’s standing waves theory would be more rational than the interpretation by current quantum theory.

Keywords:
Dirac Equation Negative Energy Solution Bi-spinor Antimatter Spin Diametric Vectors Spinvector Electron Configuration

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  P.A.M. Dirac, “The Quantum Theory of the Electron” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 117(778): p610-624(1928).
 
[2]  P.W. Atkins, Quanta: A handbook of concepts. Oxford University Press, p52. ISBN 978-0-19-855493-6. c1974.
 
[3]  W. Greiner, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics. Wave Equations (3rd Edition). Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-5406-74573. C2000.
 
[4]  P.A.M. Dirac, “A theory of electrons and protons” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 126(801): p360-365(1930).
 
[5]  P.A.M. Dirac, “Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 133(821): p67-72(1931).
 
[6]  C.D. Anderson, “The Positive Electron” . 43(6): p491-494(1933).
 
[7]  R.P. Feynman, “Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics”. Physical Review. 76(6): p769-789(1949).
 
[8]  R.P. Feynman, “Mathematical Formulation of the Quantum Theory of Electromagnetic Interaction”. Physical Review. 80(3): p440-457(1950).H. Bondi, “Negative Mass in General Relativity”. Rev. Mod. Phys. 29(2): p423-428(1957).
 
[9]  H. Bondi, “Negative Mass in General Relativity”. Rev. Mod. Phys. 29(2): p423-428(1957).
 
[10]  W.B. Bonner, “Negative Mass in General Relativity”. General Relativity and Gravitation. 21(11): p1143-1157(1989).
 
[11]  R. Hammond, “Negative mass”. European J. of Physics. 36(2): 025004 (2015).
 
[12]  R.P. Feynman, “The Theory of Positrons”. Phys. Rev. 76: p749-759(1949).
 
[13]  E.C.G. Stueckelberg. “La Mecanique du point materiel en theorie de relativite et en theorie des quanta”. Helv. Phys. Acta 15: p23-37(1942).
 
[14]  J. Branson, Quantum Physics (UCSD Physics 130). .
 
[15]  T. Needham, Visual Complex Analysis, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-286892-3. c1997.
 
[16]  Zhonglin BO, “New explanation of double-slit interference with single quantum based on the theory of spin vector in motion behaving particle-wave duality”. SSRN. (2022).
 
[17]  Zhonglin BO, “A New Physics Description of Planetary Motion-Spinvector Motion I” International Journal of Physics, 10(4): p236-241(2022).
 
[18]  Zhonglin BO, “Reinvestigation of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and a New Deduction of Schrodinger Equation-Spinvector Motion II” International Journal of Physics, 11(2): p81-87(2023).
 
[19]  L. Susskind; A. Friedman, Quantum Mechanics: The Theoretical Minimum. Basic Books. ISBN-13: 978-0465036677. c2014.
 
[20]  M. Jammer, The conceptual development of quantum mechanics: The history of modern physics. Thomas Publishers. .
 
[21]  Zhonglin BO, “New Atom Configuration Based on Proton and Electron as Electric Monopole Pairs and Exploration of Quarks and Higgs particle” International Journal of Physics, 9(6): p269-274(2021).