[1] | C.N. Yang, R. Mills, “Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance”. Physical Review. 96 (1): p191-195(1954). |
|
[2] | S.L. Glashow, “Partial-symmetries of weak interactions”. Nuclear Physics. 22(4): p579-588(1961). |
|
[3] | S. Weinberg, “A Model of Leptons”. Physical Review Letters. 19(21): p1264-1266(1967). |
|
[4] | A. Salam (1968). N. Svartholm (ed.). Elementary Particle Physics: Relativistic Groups and Analyticity. Eighth Nobel Symposium. Stockholm: Almquvist and Wiksell. p367. |
|
[5] | F. Englert, R. Brout, “Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons”. Physical Review Letters. 13(9): p321-323(1964). |
|
[6] | P.W. Higgs, “Broken Symmetries and the Masses of Gauge Bosons”. Physical Review Letters. 13 (16): p508-509(1964). |
|
[7] | G.S. Guralnik, C.R. Hagen, T.W.B. Kibble, ”Global Conservation Laws and Massless Particles”. Physical Review Letters. 13(20): p585-587 (1964). |
|
[8] | J. Gregg, “Exchange Forces in Particle Physics”. Foundations of Physics. 51(1): p13(2021). |
|
[9] | K. Becker, M. Becker, J. Schwarz, String theory and M-theory: A modern introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86069-7, 2007. |
|
[10] | B. Zwiebach, A First Course in String Theory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88032-9, 2009. |
|
[11] | P. Aspinwall, T. Bridgeland, A. Craw, M. Douglas, M. Gross, A. Kapustin, G. Moore, G. Segal, B. Szendröi, P.M.H. Wilson, Dirichlet Branes and Mirror Symmetry. American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-3848-8 p13(2009). |
|
[12] | M. Duff, “The theory formerly known as strings”. Scientific American. 278(2): p64-69(1998) |
|
[13] | P. Candelas, G. Horowitz, A. Strominger, E. Witten, “Vacuum configurations for superstrings”. Nuclear Physics B. 258: p46-74 (1985). |
|
[14] | S.T. Yau, S. Nadis, (2010). The Shape of Inner Space: String Theory and the Geometry of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02023-2. |
|
[15] | R.A. Serway, J.W. Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Philadelphia: Saunders College Pub., p1267-1326, c1983. |
|
[16] | Wikipedia, “Standard Model”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model. |
|
[17] | P.W. Higgs, “Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields”. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12(2), p132-133 (1964). |
|
[18] | Wikipedia, “String Theory”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory. |
|
[19] | Zhonglin Bo, “New Atom Configuration Based on Proton and Electron as Electric Monopole Pairs and Exploration of Quarks and Higgs Particle.” International Journal of Physics, 9(6): p269-274(2021). |
|
[20] | Wikipedia, “Big Bang”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang. |
|