Heavy Metal Concentration in Market Gardening Soils and Risk of Food Chain Contamination in the Central Region of Burkina Faso

Moumouni Derra¹, Luc Telado Bambara^2, , Yalgado Zakaria Sawadogo³, Karim Kaboré⁴, Ousmane Cissé³ and François Zougmoré³

¹Physics Department; University Norbert Zongo, Koudougou, Burkina Faso

²Physics and chemical Department, Institute of Sciences and Technology, “Ecole Normale Supérieure”, Burkina Faso

³Laboratory of Materials and Environment, Physics Department, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

⁴Physics Department; Virtual University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Cite this paper:
Moumouni Derra, Luc Telado Bambara, Yalgado Zakaria Sawadogo, Karim Kaboré, Ousmane Cissé and François Zougmoré. Heavy Metal Concentration in Market Gardening Soils and Risk of Food Chain Contamination in the Central Region of Burkina Faso. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2024; 12(1):1-8. doi: 10.12691/env-12-1-1

Abstract

Market gardening is an important activity from a socio-economic and health perspective. Very often practiced in the dry season near water reservoirs (dams, channels, wells, etc.), it contributes enormously to reducing the unemployment rate and improving the nutritional quality of populations. However, the lack of prospective study of market gardening areas is the cause of contamination of products (leaves, vegetables, fruits) by trace metal elements (TME) or heavy metals. Thus, the objective of this study was to reassure ourselves of the heavy metal quality of market garden products in order to contribute to the preservation of population health. Thus, eighteen (18) samples, including six (6) of soil (0-20 cm), six (6) of roots, three (3) of leaves and three (3) of fruits, were analyzed using the ICP-MS to characterize and quantify eight (8) elements: As, Cr, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. The Pollution Load Index and Geoaccumulation Index show that the soil S5 was polluted with Cr. Also, soils S2, S3 and S5 were slightly contaminated with arsenic (As) with Igeo of 0.51, 0.60 and 0.08 respectively; S1 and S6 in mercury (Hg) and S4 in Zinc (Zn). As for the correlation between soil-root concentrations and the calculation of transfer coefficients (CT) between roots-leaves or roots-fruits, we note that it is solanum licopersicum (tomato) which absorbs the most elements such as As, Mn and Zn with coefficients ranging from 0.96 to 23.4. Also, brassica oleracea (cabbage) appears to accumulate Mn with a transfer coefficient of 4.28.

Keywords:
heavy metals pollution load index geoaccumulation index transfer

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