Elucidation of the Probable Mechanism of Diuretic Action of Three Extracts from the Bark of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn. (Piperaceae) in the Wistar Rat

Etou Ossibi AW^{1, 2,} , Wossolo Lingomo BS^{1, 2}, Ondele R¹, Loubanou CAC^{1, 2} and Abena AA¹

¹Laboratory of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo

²Experimental Pharmacodynamics and Physiopathology Laboratory Faculty of Technical Sciences, Marien Ngouabi University, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo

Cite this paper:
Etou Ossibi AW, Wossolo Lingomo BS, Ondele R, Loubanou CAC and Abena AA. Elucidation of the Probable Mechanism of Diuretic Action of Three Extracts from the Bark of Piper guineense Schum. and Thonn. (Piperaceae) in the Wistar Rat. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2022; 10(1):60-66. doi: 10.12691/ajps-10-1-10

Abstract

Piper guineense is an aromatic and food plant used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Among the pathologies against which this plant is used is arterial hypertension (HTA). In clinic, diuretics are used as first-line therapy alone or in combination with other antihypertensives to treat hypertension. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the diuretic potential of aqueous, hydroethanolic and essential oil extracts of P. guineense bark in wistar rats. Diuretic activity parameters and pH were measured from fresh urine collected from rats placed in metabolic cages after six hours of observation. Aldosterone was quantified in plasma after centrifugation of blood collected by puncture of the retro orbital sinus of rats. The results obtained show that aqueous, hydroethanolic and essential oil extracts (75 and 150 mg/kg, b.w.) possess diuretic properties. They increase the elimination of sodium (P<0.001) and water (natriuretic and saludiuretic effects). At a dose of 150 mk/kg, the hydroethanolic extract basifies the urinary pH, inhibits the activity of carbonic anhydrase and decreases the plasma concentration of aldosterone (P<0.001) in rats. From these facts, the hydroethanolic extract would act both like Furosemide and Spironolactone (50 mg/kg). However, the aqueous extract and the essential oil have no effect on urinary pH, carbonic anhydrase activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in rats, but they increase sodium and water secretion. This shows that the aqueous extract and the essential oil would act according to the same mechanism as furosemide (20 mg/kg).

Keywords:
diuretic salidiuretic natriuretic piper guineense aldosterolemia

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