Adverse Effects Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

Navya Reddy Veeramreddy¹, Venkataramana Kandi^2, , Rahul Jagdishchandra Mittal³, Tarun Kumar Suvvari^4, , Pranav Reddy Donapati¹, Kishan kumar Allikesam¹, Harsha Vardhan Reddy¹, Vamsikalyan Reddy Borra⁵, Devang Srivastava⁶ and Vikranth Reddy V¹

¹Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India

²Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India

³GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar Gujarat

⁴Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India

⁵Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, India

⁶Kakatiya Medical College Warangal, Telangana, India

Cite this paper:
Navya Reddy Veeramreddy, Venkataramana Kandi, Rahul Jagdishchandra Mittal, Tarun Kumar Suvvari, Pranav Reddy Donapati, Kishan kumar Allikesam, Harsha Vardhan Reddy, Vamsikalyan Reddy Borra, Devang Srivastava and Vikranth Reddy V. Adverse Effects Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review. American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2022; 10(1):1-7. doi: 10.12691/ajps-10-1-1

Abstract

Abstract Background: Vaccine acceptance in countries throughout the world is primarily explained by personal protection. However, the distress regarding side effects and due to myths, and misconceptions become a hurdle for vaccination drives. Therefore, we aimed at conducting a systematic review of adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases - PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and WHO Global Research COVID-19 databases by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We used the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms COVID-19 vaccines and adverse effects. All papers from January 2020 to June 2021 are considered for review and only peer-reviewed full-text articles in English languages were included. Results: Of the total 24 studies included in the final analysis, 10 (41%) were cross-sectional studies, and 9 (37%) were case reports. Out of 24 studies, 7 are from European countries, 4 each from India and USA. The most common side effects reported were pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, and headache. Incidence and severity of adverse effects were more after receiving mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines when compared to other COVID-19 Vaccines. Conclusion: The majority of adverse effects were local, which included pain at the site of injection, swelling, and redness, and limited systemic reactions including fever, fatigue, and headache were observed. Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccines were safe and tolerant. Further clinical studies regarding long-term effects and in-depth analysis must be performed to improve the understanding of COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects.

Keywords:
COVID-19 adverse effects COVID-19 vaccines systematic review vaccine acceptance

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