American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine
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American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine. 2014, 2(3), 64-66
DOI: 10.12691/ajmsm-2-3-3
Open AccessReview Article

Alcoholism and Its Role in the Development of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: An Insight

Sabitha Kandi1, Neelesh Deshpande2, Venkata Bharath Kumar Pinnelli3, Ramakrishna Devaki4, Pragna Rao5 and K V Ramana6,

1Department of Biochemistry, Chalmeda Anandarao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India

2Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India

3Department of Bio-chemistry, Vaidehi Institute of Medical Sciences, and Research Centre, Bangalore, India

4Department of Biochemistry, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, India

5Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India

6Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India

Pub. Date: July 14, 2014

Cite this paper:
Sabitha Kandi, Neelesh Deshpande, Venkata Bharath Kumar Pinnelli, Ramakrishna Devaki, Pragna Rao and K V Ramana. Alcoholism and Its Role in the Development of Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: An Insight. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine. 2014; 2(3):64-66. doi: 10.12691/ajmsm-2-3-3

Abstract

Alcohol is detoxified in the liver by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The available literature suggests that activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase is less than alcohol dehydrogenase among Asians; hence it leads to accumulation of acetaldehyde during excess intake of alcohol. Accumulated acetaldehyde due to its electrophilic nature forms adducts with proteins and DNA. The acetaldehyde-DNA adduct (N-2-Ethyl deoxyguanosine (NDG)) induces mutations in DNA and leads to DNA damage. Prevention of excessive accumulation of acetaldehyde can be useful in decreasing the genotoxicity.

Keywords:
alcoholism alcohol dehydrogenase aldehyde dehydrogenase N-2-Ethyl deoxyguanosine (NDG) oxidative stress

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