Effect of Sub-Lethal Doses of Smokeless Tobacco (Snuff) on Some Haemato-Rheological Parameters Using Albino Wistar Rats

Teddy C. Adias¹, Anslem O. Ajugwo^2, , Tosan A. Erhabor³, Babatunde I. Adejumo⁴ and Celestine C. Azikiwe⁵

¹College of Health Technology Ogbia, Bayelsa State

²Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Madonna University Elele

³Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN) Abuja

⁴Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Benin, Benin City

⁵Department of Pharmacology, Anambra State University Uli

Cite this paper:
Teddy C. Adias, Anslem O. Ajugwo, Tosan A. Erhabor, Babatunde I. Adejumo and Celestine C. Azikiwe. Effect of Sub-Lethal Doses of Smokeless Tobacco (Snuff) on Some Haemato-Rheological Parameters Using Albino Wistar Rats. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine. 2014; 2(3):54-57. doi: 10.12691/ajmsm-2-3-1

Abstract

The tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) has been used globally for several years as chewing tobacco, kreteck, dry snuff and in pipe. Snuff is a form of tobacco that is processed to fine grains and packaged either in cans or pouches. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of orogastrically-administered tobacco on some haematological and haemorrheological parameters of albino Wistar rats. Nineteen young albino Wistar rats with weights between 110-170 g were used for the study. The oral LD50 for the tobacco snuff concentration was determined as 10 mg per 200 g rat body weight. The control group A was given 1 ml of distilled water, while the experimental groups (B, C, D) were administered with tobacco snuff concentrations of 2.24 mg, 4.67 mg, and 6.77 mg per body weight respectively, through an oral route with the aid of orogastric tube for 14 days. Blood samples were collected under chloroform anaesthesia and analysed for haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell (WBC), platelet counts, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and serum viscosity. WBC was significantly increased (p<0.05) in group D (13.43±4.26 x10⁹/l) as compared to the control (10.0±3.12 x10⁹/l). Platelet count was also significantly lower (p<0.05) in all the experimental groups B, C and D (473±160.84 x10⁹/l), (357±66.55 x10⁹/l) and (375.66±33.54 x10⁹/l) respectively as compared to the control (758.25±113.41 x10⁹/l). Whole blood viscosity was also significantly (p<0.05) increased. Smokeless tobacco may possibly affect clotting integrity and alter blood rheology.

Keywords:
smokeless tobacco haematocrit haemoglobin phytochemical rheology snuff

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