Mutational Difference between the Microsatellite BAT 26 and the TP53 Coding Gene and Survival of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal

Mame Diarra Samb^1, and Mbacke Sembene¹

¹Genomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

Cite this paper:
Mame Diarra Samb and Mbacke Sembene. Mutational Difference between the Microsatellite BAT 26 and the TP53 Coding Gene and Survival of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal. American Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2025; 12(1):9-14. doi: 10.12691/ajcp-12-1-2

Abstract

Oral cancers primarily present as oral squamous cell carcinoma and are a subgroup of head and neck cancers (HNC). The objective of this study was to identify mutational differences and assess the survival of Senegalese patients with oral cavity cancers. A total of 75 tissue samples from patients and 40 blood samples from healthy controls were analyzed. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing were performed to obtain genetic sequences. The software BioEdit and DnaSP were used to analyze polymorphism and genetic diversity in patients. Chromatograms from the BAT 26 microsatellite and the TP53 gene were compared to the consensus sequence and the TP53 reference sequence, respectively, using Mutation Surveyor software. The multivariate Cox analysis was performed using R software, and the impact of BAT 26 instability on patient survival was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method with StatView software. The results revealed greater genetic diversity in the TP53 gene than in BAT 26, particularly in terms of the number of polymorphic and informative sites. Furthermore, microsatellite instability appeared to lead to the accumulation of a specific TP53 mutation (c.640C>G p.His214Asp). This study indicates that Senegalese patients with oral cavity cancers harbor more TP53 mutations than BAT 26 mutations. However, BAT 26 instability appeared to confer a survival advantage to patients.

Keywords:
oral cavity cancer mutations TP53 BAT 26 survival

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
[2]	Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA. Cancer J. Clin. 68, 394-424.
[3]	Kim, D. W., Lee, S., Kwon, S., Nam, W., Cha, I. H., & Kim, H. J. (2019). Deep learning-based survival prediction of oral cancer patients. Scientific reports, 9(1), 6994.
[4]	Samb, M. D., Mbaye, F., Diatta, H., Ndiaye, M. M., Touré, S., and Sembene, M. (2024). Epidemiology and association of risk factors with molecular data of oral cancer in Senegal Sub-Sahara region. Journal of Cancer Research and Experimental Oncology, 15(1), 1-12. Sahara region. Journal of Cancer Research and Experimental Oncology, 15(1), 1-12.
[5]	Ludwig, J. A., & Weinstein, J. N. (2005). Biomarkers in cancer staging, prognosis and treatment selection. Nature Reviews Cancer, 5(11), 845-856.
[6]	Corso, G., Pedrazzani, C., Marrelli, D., Pascale, V., Pinto, E., & Roviello, F. (2009). Correlation of microsatellite instability at multiple loci with long-term survival in advanced gastric carcinoma. Archives of Surgery, 144(8), 722-727.
[7]	Friedlander, P. L. (2001). Genomic instability in head and neck cancer patients. Head & neck, 23(8), 683-691.
[8]	Diatta, H., Mbaye, F., Gueye M. D., Ndiaye M. M., Samb M. D., Fall, M., Diallo, B. K., Toure, S., and Sembene, M. (2021). Genetic mutations of exon 4 at TP53 gene in oral cavity cancers. Oral Health and Care, 6, 2399-9640.
[9]	Samb, M. D., Mbaye, F., Ndiaye, M. M., Toure, S., & Sembene, M. (2023). Bat 26 Microsatellite Instability in Oral Cavity Cancers in Senegal. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 14(1), 25-37
[10]	Hall, T. A. (1999, January). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. In Nucleic acids symposium series (Vol. 41, No. 41, pp. 95-98). [London]: Information Retrieval Ltd., c1979-c2000.
[11]	Rozas J., Librado P., Sánchez-Del Barrio J.C., Messeguer X. and Rozas R. 2012. DnaSP Version 5 Help Contents [Help File]. Available with the program at .
[12]	Kaplan E.L. & Meir P. 1958. Estimation from Incomplete Observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 53 (282): 457-481.
[13]	Peto R., Pike M.C., Armitage P., Breslow N.E., Cox D.R. & Haward S.V. 1979. Organization and analysis of comparative therapeutic trials involving long-term patient follow-up. Revue d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique. 27: 167–255.
[14]	Nikbakht, D. M., & Miromohammad, S. H. (2010). TP53 codon 72 heterozygosity may promote microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal cancer.
[15]	Adduri, R. S., Kotapalli, V., Gupta, N. A., Gowrishankar, S., Srinivasulu, M., Ali, M. M., ... & Bashyam, M. D. (2014). P53 nuclear stabilization is associated with FHIT loss and younger age of onset in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue. BMC Clinical Pathology, 14, 1-8.
[16]	Mbaye, F., Ka, S., Dem, A., Kane, M., & Sembéne, M. (2015). Clinicopathological and survival significance of BAT-25 and BAT-26 instability in breast cancer among Senegalese patients. International Journal of Cancer Research and Experimental Oncology, 7(2), 13-19.
[17]	World Health Organisation. (2012). Key Interventions for Cancer Prevention and Control in Africa: A Handbook for Leaders and Managers.
[18]	Mfutu, C. M., Pakasa, N. M., Sekele, J., Nzudjom, A., Bolenge, J., & Nyembwe, D. (2020). Clinical and histopathological profiles of oral cavity tumors after dental extraction at the University Clinics of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(2), 286-289.
[19]	Jass J.R. 1999. Towards a molecular classification of colorectal cancer. International Journal Colorectal Disease. 14 (4-5): 194-200.
[20]	Gryfe R. & Gallinger S. 2001. Microsatellite instability, mismatch repair deficiency, and colorectal cancer. Surgery. 130 (11): 17-21.
[21]	Carvalho F., Santos E.M.M., Pena S.D., Vettore A., Lopes A., Ferreira F.O., Junior S.A., Nakagawa W.T. & Rossi B.M. 2005. Clinicopathological significance of BAT-26 instability in 184 patients with colorectal cancer. Applied cancer research. 25 (1): 36-40.
[22]	Shin, D. M., Mao, L., Papadimitrakopoulou, V. M., Clayman, G., El-Naggar, A., Shin, H. J., Lee, J. J., Lee, J. S., Gillenwater, A., Myers, J., Lippman, S. M., Hittelman, W. N., & Hong, W. K. (2000). Biochemopreventive therapy for patients with premalignant lesions of the head and neck and p53 gene expression. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92(1), 69-73.
[23]	Yang, M., Kim, W. H., Choi, Y., Lee, S. H., Kim, K. R., Lee, H. S., & Tae, K. (2006). Effects of ERCC1 expression in peripheral blood on the risk of head and neck cancer. European journal of cancer prevention: the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), 15(3), 269-273.
[24]	Zhang, Z., Shi, Q., Liu, Z., Sturgis, E. M., Spitz, M. R., & Wei, Q. (2005). Polymorphisms of methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a case-control analysis. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(5), 1188-1193.
[25]	Amit, M., Yen, T. C., Liao, C. T., Binenbaum, Y., Chaturvedi, P., Agarwal, J. P., ... & International Consortium for Outcome Research (ICOR) in Head and Neck Cancer. (2013). Clinical nodal stage is a significant predictor of outcome in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and pathologically negative neck metastases: results of the international consortium for outcome research. Annals of surgical oncology, 20, 3575-3581.
[26]	Ong, T. K., Murphy, C., Smith, A. B., Kanatas, A. N., & Mitchell, D. A. (2017). Survival after surgery for oral cancer: a 30-year experience. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 55(9), 911-916.
[27]	Warnakulasuriya, S. (2009). Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Oral oncology, 45(4-5), 309-316.