Bacterial Population of Fish and Their Environment in Ponds Utilized for Natural Purification of Wastewater

Sutapa Sanyal^1, and Samir Banerjee²

¹Krishnagar Govt College, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Krishnagar, Nadia, West Bengal, PIN-741101, India

²Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35-Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, West Bengal, India

Cite this paper:
Sutapa Sanyal and Samir Banerjee. Bacterial Population of Fish and Their Environment in Ponds Utilized for Natural Purification of Wastewater. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2021; 9(7):649-655. doi: 10.12691/aees-9-7-4

Abstract

Viable threats from waste-fed aquaculture have become a genuine subject of discussion presumably since the initiation of such fishery. An aquaculture-based sewage treatment system, blending fish as biological component was assessed in Bandipur, Titagarh, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. The 5 MLD (million litres per day) system receiving domestic sewage flow comprised of anaerobic ponds (areas-0.7 ha, depths-2.5m), facultative ponds (areas-4.8 ha, depths-1.5m) and maturation ponds (areas-4.8 ha, depths-1m). The observation revealed substantial aptitude of the system for biological sewage treatment, with respect to reduction of ammonia nitrogen, BOD (Biological oxygen demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The TVC (Total Viable Count) and enteric bacterial counts were detected in higher numbers from water and fish. Some of the members customarily recovered in this study like Vibrio were established fish and human pathogens. Counts of faecal coliforms in fish culture ponds were found to outstrip the World Health Organization (WHO) standards of ≤10³ faecal coliforms per 100 ml of water to be used in aquaculture. High concentrations of pathogenic bacteria were reported to be present in fish even at low numbers of indicatory bacteria. Estimated risk of bacteriological infection of fish for most of the times crossed the guide line proposed by international commission on the microbiological specification of foods (1995). Public health risks associated from fish and fishery products of Bandipur sewage fed farm clearly indicate infelicity of wastewater treatment along with inappropriateness of treated waste water to be reused in aquaculture.

Keywords:
aquaculture wastewater fish health risks

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