Astaxanthin for Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review

Aaron Lerner^{1, 2}, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho^3, and Carina Benzvi¹

¹Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Israel

²Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

³Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (NUPEN), School of Nutrition from the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Cite this paper:
Aaron Lerner, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho and Carina Benzvi. Astaxanthin for Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Celiac Disease. 2024; 12(1):16-18. doi: 10.12691/ijcd-12-1-3

Abstract

Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is an abundant carotenoid in marine organisms and a very potent natural compound with remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory conditions with excessive oxidative stress. Since non-pharmacological therapy is expanding and natural ingredients are gradually introduced to the therapeutic argumentum of rheumatic diseases, astaxanthin might be a potential candidate. A systematic review on the topic disclosed only one study with some beneficial effects on Sjogren’s syndrome. Supplementation with Ast might represent a good candidate to evaluate. Further studies on Astaxanthin are highly needed.

Keywords:
astaxanthin rheumatic diseases anti-inflammatory anti-oxidative

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Cantrell, A., McGarvey, D.J., Truscott, T.G., Rancan, F. and Böhm, F.,"Singlet oxygen quenching by dietary carotenoids in a model membrane environment", Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 412 (1). 47-54. April 2003.
[2]	Nair, A., Ahirwar, A., Singh, S., Lodhi, R., Lodhi, A., Rai, A., Jadhav, D.A., Harish, Varjani, S., Singh, G., et al.,"Astaxanthin as a King of Ketocarotenoids: Structure, Synthesis, Accumulation, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Properties", Marine drugs, 21 (3). 176. March 2023.
[3]	Rostami, S., Alyasin, A., Saedi, M., Nekoonam, S., Khodarahmian, M., Moeini, A. and Amidi, F.,"Astaxanthin ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive outcomes in endometriosis patients undergoing assisted reproduction: A randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial", Frontiers in endocrinology, 14 2023.
[4]	Imai, A., Oda, Y., Ito, N., Seki, S., Nakagawa, K., Miyazawa, T. and Ueda, F.,"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin and Sesamin on Daily Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Study", Nutrients, 10 (3). March 2018.
[5]	Li, K., Wang, W. and Xiao, W.,"Astaxanthin: A promising therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis", Pharmacological research, 188 February 2023.
[6]	Yamada, H.,"The Search for the Pathogenic T Cells in the Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Which T-Cell Subset Drives Autoimmune Inflammation?", International journal of molecular sciences, 24 (8). April 2023.
[7]	Scavuzzi, B.M. and Holoshitz, J.,"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases", Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 11 (7). July 2022.
[8]	Dupond, J.L.,"Fatigue in patients with rheumatic diseases", Joint bone spine, 78 (2). 156–160. March 2011.
[9]	Robinson, G., Pineda-Torra, I., Ciurtin, C. and Jury, E.C.,"Lipid metabolism in autoimmune rheumatic disease: implications for modern and conventional therapies", The Journal of clinical investigation, 132 (2). January 2022.
[10]	Page, M.J., McKenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.M., Akl, E.A., Brennan, S.E., et al.,"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews", BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 372 March 2021.
[11]	Yamada, T., Ryo, K., Tai, Y., Tamaki, Y., Inoue, H., Mishima, K., Tsubota, K. and Saito, I.,"Evaluation of therapeutic effects of astaxanthin on impairments in salivary secretion", Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 47 (2).130-137. September 2010.
[12]	Ryo, K., Yamada, H., Nakagawa, Y., Tai, Y., Obara, K., Inoue, H., Mishima, K. and Saito, I.,"Possible involvement of oxidative stress in salivary gland of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome", Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology, 73 (5). 252-260. February 2006.
[13]	Attur, M., Scher, J.U., Abramson, S.B. and Attur, M.,"Role of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis", Cells, 11 (15). August 2022.
[14]	Schönenberger, K.A., Schüpfer, A.C., Gloy, V.L., Hasler, P., Stanga, Z., Kaegi‐braun, N. and Reber, E.,"Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Diets on Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", Nutrients, 13 (12). December 2021.
[15]	Paul, A.K., Lim, C.L., Apu, M.A.I., Dolma, K.G., Gupta, M., de Lourdes Pereira, M., Wilairatana, P., Rahmatullah, M., Wiart, C. and Nissapatorn, V.,"Are Fermented Foods Effective against Inflammatory Diseases?", International journal of environmental research and public health, 20 (3). February 2023.
[16]	Sharma, D., Chaubey, P. and Suvarna, V.,"Role of natural products in alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis-A review", Journal of food biochemistry, 45 (4). April 2021.
[17]	Lerner, A. and Matthias, T.,"Rheumatoid arthritis-celiac disease relationship: joints get that gut feeling", Autoimmunity reviews, 14 (11). 1038-1047. November 2015.
[18]	Lerner, A., Freire De Carvalho, J., Kotrova, A. and Shoenfeld, Y.,"Gluten-free diet can ameliorate the symptoms of non-celiac autoimmune diseases", Nutrition reviews, 80 (3). 525-543. March 2022.
[19]	Lerner, A., Ramesh, A. and Matthias, T.,"Going gluten free in non-celiac autoimmune diseases: the missing ingredient", Expert review of clinical immunology, 14 (11).873-875. November 2018.
[20]	Lerner, A. and Benzvi, C.,"Should Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients go on a Gluten-Free Diet ?", 8 (1). 1-9. 2023.