Assessment of Vernacular Architecture as a Framework for Sustainable Built Form: The Case of Assam, India

Osama Nasir¹, Zubia Azhar¹, Yasin Ahamed M. S.² and Mohammad Arif Kamal^1,

¹Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

²Dept. of Architecture, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India

Cite this paper:
Osama Nasir, Zubia Azhar, Yasin Ahamed M. S. and Mohammad Arif Kamal. Assessment of Vernacular Architecture as a Framework for Sustainable Built Form: The Case of Assam, India. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2026; 14(4):166-175. doi: 10.12691/ajcea-14-4-4

Abstract

Buildings consume a significant amount of energy, and this trend is anticipated to continue as living standards rise. Due to their energy efficiency and sustainability, vernacular structures have gained popularity among architects and designers in recent years, helping to mitigate the planet's ongoing ecological problems. Solar passive design has been a part of global vernacular architecture since ancient times. One effective way to lower energy usage is to add suitable solar passive elements to climate-responsive buildings. Assam’s rich history is attested to by its diverse population, long-standing customs, way of life, and architectural typologies (vernacular architecture). To maximize building energy efficiency, this architectural technique combines microclimate, architecture, and human thermal comfort levels. Vernacular architecture is incredibly practical and climate-sensitive. These buildings were mostly constructed by the locals without any professional construction instruction, and they developed over time. Despite its advantages, modern architecture that employs cutting-edge construction materials and techniques is quickly replacing vernacular typologies. This is mostly because local building materials are harder to come by in and around urban areas, they are more expensive to acquire, and fewer skilled masons are working in these areas. This research aims to describe vernacular architecture in the context of Assam, India, by examining it from many perspectives connected to bioclimatism, including sustainability and culture. Many studies from primary sources are compiled to create a research database. Because a qualitative methodology was used to address the majority of the themes, this study had certain limitations. To produce more precise scientific data for Assam-type houses that architects may utilize for sustainable building design in the region, more research is required, including quantitative evaluations. The paper also examines the similarities between climate-sensitive design as a means of community definition and Assamese sustainability as a way of life.

Keywords:
vernacular architecture bioclimatic design climatic design solar passive design sustainability Assam India

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