Physico-Chemical Characterization of Groundwater in Terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Urban Areas of Agra, North India

Shahjad Ali^1, , Rajesh Kumar Deolia², Shailendra Singh³, Hamid Ali⁴, Mohammad Akhtar⁵ and Raisul Islam^{6, 7}

¹Department of Applied Sciences, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

²Mathemitics Department, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior, India

³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anand Engineering College, Agra, India

⁴Department of Petroleum Studies, Z.H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

⁵Louis Berger International A WSP Company, Gurugram, India

⁶Department of Civil Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India

⁷Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India

Cite this paper:
Shahjad Ali, Rajesh Kumar Deolia, Shailendra Singh, Hamid Ali, Mohammad Akhtar and Raisul Islam. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Groundwater in Terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Urban Areas of Agra, North India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2022; 10(6):409-416. doi: 10.12691/aees-10-6-11

Abstract

The object of the present research is to inspect the underground water quality for urban areas of Agra, India by water quality index. Sampling was taken from 70 various spatially dispersed locations. Piper and Schoeller diagrams were designed to discover the numerous ions and its constituent present in the present research area. Twelve Physicochemical parameters such as F⁻ (Fluorite), pH (Hydrogen ion concentration), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), Alkalinity, Cl⁻ (chloride), Ca²⁺ (Calcium), Mg²⁺ (Magnesium), ions of Na⁺ (sodium), K⁺ (Potassium), NO₃^- (Nitrate), SO₄^2- (Sulfate) and TH (Hardness) calculated at 70 groundwater samples from 14 locations of Agra for over a month. We found that more than 64% of samples collected were in lies unfit water category, 21.42% of samples lie in the poor category, 14.28% extremely poor category of water and no water was found in the good and excellent category. The study revealed that more than 99% of samples were not fit for drinking water and other purposes. The percentage distribution was delineated through the pie chart. The water quality index (WQI) ranges from 50.01 to 130.62. Thus, there is a need for some treatment before usage, and required to protect that area from health hazards.

Keywords:
water quality index piper diagram Schoeller diagrams physico-chemical characterization Agra city groundwater

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