Generation Mean Analysis of Net Blotch and Scald Diseases on Barley

Zerihun Jalata^1, , Firew Mekbib² and Berhane Lakew³

¹Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Wollega University, Ethiopia

²School Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia

³Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holetta Agricultural Research Center (HARC), P.O. Box: 2003 or P.O. Box 20420, Code 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cite this paper:
Zerihun Jalata, Firew Mekbib and Berhane Lakew. Generation Mean Analysis of Net Blotch and Scald Diseases on Barley. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 2020; 8(4):142-149. doi: 10.12691/wjar-8-4-6

Abstract

The information on the nature and magnitude of genes controlling the resistance to net blotch and scald in barley is useful in resistance breeding. Thus, field experiment was conducted at Holetta, Ethiopia in 2015 on barley using six basic generations of (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁, and BC₂) which was derived from ‘HB42’x‘Sabini’ parental cross which were evaluated in RCB design with three replications to investigate the gene actions and interactions gene effects involved in controlling resistance to net blotch and scald diseases in barley. The result of scaling tests and generation mean analysis indicated the predominance of non-additive gene effects including epistasis gene effects than additive gene effects for all parameters and this was also confirmed by variance component analysis. Moreover, the digenic epistatic model failed to explain variation in generation means for all parameters may due to the presence of higher-order interaction and linkages. In general, the results suggest greater influence of non-additive genes including epistasis in the control of both disease parameters studied making early selection ineffective. And ‘HB42’ cultivar contained double resistance to scald and net blotch diseases which needs further study for its exploitation as source of resistance in improving barley yield.

Keywords:
barley disease resistance gene effects non-allelic interaction type of gene effects

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Qualset, C.O. “Sampling germplasm in a centre of diversity: an example of disease resistance in Ethiopian barley. In: Frankel, O.H. and Hawkes, J. G. (Eds)”. Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 81-96. 1975.
[2]	IBC. (Institute of Biodiversity Conservation). “Ethiopia: Second Country Report on the State of PGRFA to FAO, January,Addis Ababa. 45. pp. 2008.
[3]	CSA (Central Statistical Agency)..Agricultural Sample Survey, 2018/19 Volume I: Report On Area and Production of Major Crops (Private peasant holdings, Meher season). Statistical Bulletin 589, Addis Ababa, 54 p. 2019.
[4]	FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. World Production of Barley Grain (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize.Date accessed on 24 July, 2020). 2018.
[5]	Hollaway, G., McLean, M. “Cereal Disease Guide” State of Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, 2020. https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/biosecurity/plant-diseases/grain- pulses-and-cereal-diseases/scald-of-barley, 2020.
[6]	Zhan, J., Fitt, B.D.L., Pinnschmidt, H.O., Oxley, S.J.P., Newton, A.C. “Resistance, epidemiology and sustainable management of Rhynchosporium secalis population on barley”, Plant Pathology, 2008, 57: 1-14.
[7]	Bekele, H., Kiros, M., Fekede, A., Asnakech, T., Melkamu, A., Getaneh, W., Yonas, W., Eshetu, A., Birhanu, B. “Achievements in Barley Scald research in Ethiopia. In:. Bayeh, M. and Grando, S. (Eds.)”. Barley Research and Development in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 2nd National Barley Research and Development Review Workshop, Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia 28–30 November 2006, HARC, Holetta, Ethiopia, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, Pp. 245-255. 2011.
[8]	ICARDA. Improved malt barley: new income potential for Ethiopian farmers, ICARDA Communication Team. ( income-potential-ethiopian-farmers.Data accessed on 28 July, 2020), 2016.
[9]	Birhanu, B., Fekadu, A., Berhane, L. “Food barley in Ethiopia: In: Food Barley: Importance, Uses and Local Knowledge. INL Grando, A., Macpherson, H.G. (eds.)”, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Food Barley Improvement, 14­17 January 2002, Hammamet, Tunisia. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria., Pp.53­82. 2005.
[10]	Kakani, R.K., Sharma, Y., Sharma, S.N. “Combining ability of barley genotypes in diallel crosses”, SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 2007, 39(2): 117-126.
[11]	Hallauer, A.R., Miranda J.B.1988. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Second edition, Iowa State University, Ames, 468 p. 1988.
[12]	Patil, V.R., Desale, S.C., Mehetre, S.S. “Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its components in bread wheat”, Crop Research, 1997, 14(3): 471-476.
[13]	Sharma, S.N, Sain, R.S., Sharma, R.K. “Genetics of spike length in durum wheat”, Euphytica, 2003, 130: 155-161.
[14]	Kearsey, M.J., Pooni, H.S. The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Chapman and Hall, Inc., London, 381p. 1996.
[15]	Sharmila, V., Ganesh, S.K., Gunasekaran, M. “Generation mean analysis for quantitative traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) crosses”, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2007, 30 (1): 80-84.
[16]	Farshadfar, E., Aghaie, M., Sgarifi, M., Yaghotipoor, A. “Assessment of salt tolerance inheritance in barley via generation mean analysis”, Journal of Biological Science, 2008, 8: 461-465.
[17]	Saari, E.E., Prescott, J.M. “A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat diseases”, Plant Disease Report, 1975, 59: 377-380.
[18]	Zadoks, J.C., Chang, T.T., Konjak, C.F. “A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals”, Weed Research, 1974, 14: 415-421.
[19]	Tottman, D.R., Makepeace, R.J. “An explanation of the decimal code for the growth stages for cereals, with illustrations”, Annals of Applied Biology, 1979, 33: 221-234.
[20]	Sharma R.C., Duveiller, E. “Advancement toward new spot blotch resistant wheats in South Asia”, Crop Science, 2007, 47: 961-968.
[21]	Shaner, G., Finney, R.E. “The Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow­mildewing resistance in knox wheat”, Phytopathology, 1977, 67: 1051­1056.
[22]	Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill. New York, 633p. 1980.
[23]	SPAR2. Statistical Package for Agricultural Research, version 2.0., India, 2003. https://iasri.icar.gov.in/statistical-packages/.
[24]	Hayman, B.I.”The separation of epistatic from additive and dominance variation in generation means”, Heredity, 1958, 12: 371-391. 391.
[25]	Mather, K. Biometrical Genetics. Dower publication, Inc New York, 162p. 1949. https://www.worldcat.org/title/biometrical- genetics-the-study-of-continuous-variation/oclc/3697951.
[26]	Hayman, B.I., Mather, K. “The description of genetic interaction in continuous variation”, Biometrics, 1955, 11: 69-82.
[27]	Mather, K., Jinks, J.L. Biometrical Genetics. Chapman and Hall, Inc., London. 396p. 1982. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bimj.4710260111.
[28]	Cavalli, LL. “An Analysis of Linkage in Quantitative Inheritance. In: Rieve, E.C.R. and Waddington, C.H. (eds.)”, London, pp. 135-44, 1952.
[29]	Jinks, J.L, Jones, R.M. Estimation of the components of heterosis. Genetics, 1958, 43: 223-234.
[30]	Burton, G.W. “Quantitative inheritance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)”, Agronomy Journal, 1951, 43: 409-417.
[31]	Warner, J.N. “A method for estimating heritability”, Agronomy Journal, 1952, 44: 427-430.
[32]	Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F., Comstock, R.E. “Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in Soya bean”, Agronomy Journal, 1955, 47: 318-324.
[33]	Esparza Mart´ınez, J.H., Foster, A.E. Genetic analysis of heading date and other agronomic characters in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Euphytica, 1998, 99: 145-153.
[34]	Khaled, A.I .M. “Genetic system controlling the yield and its components in three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) crosses”, Egypt Journal Agricultural Research, 2013, 91(2): 641-653.
[35]	Abd El-Rahman, M.E. “Estimation of some genetic parameters through generation mean analysis in three bread wheat crosses”, Alexanderial Journal of Agricultural of Research, 2013, 58(3): 183‐195.
[36]	Abd-El-Aty, M.S.M., Amer, K.H.A., Eldegwy, I.S., El-Akhdar, A. A. A.”Genetic studies on yield and its components in some barley crosses”, Journal of Plant Production (Mansoura University), 2011, 2(11): 1537-1550.
[37]	Khattab S.A.M, Esmail R.M, EL-Rahman A, AL-Ansary M.F. “Genetical analysis of some quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L)”, New York Science Journal. 2010, 3(11):152-157.
[38]	Shahrokhi, M., Khorasani, M.S., Ebrahimi, A. “Study of genetic components in various maize (Zea mays L.) traits, using generation mean analysis method”, International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 2013, 4 (3): 405-412.
[39]	Cukadar-Olmedo, B., Miller, J.F..”Inheritance of stay-green trait in sunflower”, Crop Science, 1997, 37:150-153.
[40]	Arora, D., Jindal, S.K. and Ghai, T.R. “Quantitative inheritance for fruit traits in inter varietal crosses of okra (Abelmoschus sculentus L. Moench)”, Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 2010, 1(6): 1434-1442.
[41]	Ganesh, S.K., Sakila, M.” Generation mean analysis in sesame (Sesamum indium L.) crosses”, Sesame and Safflower News letter, 1999, 14: 8-14.
[42]	Alake, C.O., Ariyo, O.J., Kehinde, O.B. “A quantitative analysis of the genetics of yield and yield components in West Africa Okra, Abelmoschus called (A.chev) Stevels”, International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 2012, 6(2): 94-104.
[43]	Gopikannan, M., Ganesh, S.K. “Genetic dissection of yield and yield components related to sodicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L)”, Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2014, 8(12): 1571-1578.
[44]	Said, A.A. “Generation mean analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress conditions”, Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 59(2): 177-184.
[45]	Zerihun Jalata, Firew Mekbib, Berhane Lakew and Seid Ahmed. “Diallel analysis of scald and net blotch resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).”, Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2019,11(6):164-172.
[46]	Léon, J.., Schoof, H. Genomic Prediction and Association Mapping Using Publicly Available Data of German Variety Trials in Spring Barley.123 p. 2014.