Simulation of a ZEB Electrical Balance with aHybrid Small Wind/PV

Mohammad Sameti¹, Alibakhsh Kasaeian^1, and Fatemeh Razi Astaraie¹

¹Department of Renewable Energies, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Cite this paper:
Mohammad Sameti, Alibakhsh Kasaeian and Fatemeh Razi Astaraie. Simulation of a ZEB Electrical Balance with aHybrid Small Wind/PV. Sustainable Energy. 2014; 2(1):5-11. doi: 10.12691/rse-2-1-2

Abstract

Electricity production from modern renewable technologies (wind energy, solar energy, water power in small scale, and geothermal energy) is growing rapidly worldwide. In addition to the large-scale power generation, applications in the residential sector is also of interest which are classified into stand-alone systems (without connecting to the grid) and grid-connected systems. Zero energy building (ZEB) is a concept based on minimized energy demand and maximized harvest of local renewable energy resources. In this paper, the electrical energy consumption of a typical residential building is modeled. In addition to the electrical grid, the house is connected to a hybrid wind turbine and photovoltaic array together with a battery storage system. The cost of electricity purchased from the electrical grid was optimized to its minimum level. The results showed that, considering a load profile with 21.675 kWh of daily consumption, a 3 kW PV array with a 2 kW wind turbine and a 5 kWh battery could save 96% of the monthly electricity bill; from 2’377 to 66’960dollars. Excluding battery storage, this saving was reduced to 74%.

Keywords:
Zero Energy Building (ZEB) energy storage Energy Cost Optimization

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	www.zeb.aau.dk/digitalAssets/29/29578_nzeb-working-definition.pdf(accessed 2013/14/11).
[2]	www.sustainableconstructionservices.com.au/products/future-products (accessed 2013/14/11).
[3]	Scognamiglio, A., &Røstvik, H. N. (2012). Photovoltaics and zero energy buildings: a new opportunity and challenge for design. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications.
[4]	Patel, M. R. (2005). Wind and solar power systems: design, analysis, and operation. CRC press.
[5]	Tiwari, G. N., &Dubey, S. (2010). Fundamentals of photovoltaic modules and their applications (No. 2). Royal Society of Chemistry.
[6]	solarexpert.com/solar-electric/performance-factors (accessed 2013/21/11).
[7]	www.pfr.co.uk/cloich/15/Wind-Power/119/Capacity-Factor (accessed 2013/22/11).
[8]	www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/victorian-government-applauded-for-energy-efficiency-project (accessed 2013/22/11).
[9]	www.ontarioenergyboard.ca/OEB/Consumers/Electricity/Electricity+Prices (accessed 2013/27/11).
[10]	tanfon.en.alibaba.com/product/577125632-209438303/3kw_to_5kw_wind_turbine_for_home_and_small_office_small_factory.html (accessed 2013/27/11).
[11]	www.engr.colostate.edu/ALP/ALP_91_Byers_East.html (accessed 2013/27/11).
[12]	http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/solar-at-home/2010/07/30/a-solar-detective-story-explaining-how-power-output-varies-hour-by-hour (accessed 2013/30/11).
[13]	Arif, M. T., Oo, A. M., & Ali, A. S. (2013). Estimation of Energy Storage and Its Feasibility Analysis.
[14]	The impact of commercial and residential sectors’ EEIs on electricity demand. EMET Consultants Pty Limited. 2004. Online resource: www.ret.gov.au/Documents/mce/energy-eff/nfee/_documents/consreport_07_.pdf.
[15]	www.gams.com (accessed 2013/20/12).