Optimizing Cultivation Parameters and Bioactive Potential of Curcuma longa L. in Non-Traditional Climates

Bipul K Biswas^1, , Nichole Mullen² and Arthur Roberson³

¹Associate Professor, MS Biotechnology Program, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia, USA

²Graduate Biotechnology Research Scholar, MS Biotechnology Program, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA

³Research Assistant, College of Agriculture, Family Sciences and Technology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, Georgia, USA

Cite this paper:
Bipul K Biswas, Nichole Mullen and Arthur Roberson. Optimizing Cultivation Parameters and Bioactive Potential of Curcuma longa L. in Non-Traditional Climates. Research in Plant Sciences. 2026; 14(1):19-27. doi: 10.12691/plant-14-1-3

Abstract

This study evaluated the impact of various soil amendments on turmeric (Curcuma longa) biomass production, curcuminoid concentration, and subsequent antibacterial efficacy. Twenty soil treatments, including a control, were applied to raised beds. Post-harvest, total biomass was recorded as fresh weight. Curcumin content was quantified via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the resulting extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli. Soil amendments applied at a nitrogen concentration of 300 kg/ha significantly enhanced turmeric biomass compared to other treatments. Furthermore, the treatments influenced the secondary metabolite profile, with specific amendments yielding peak curcumin concentrations. These findings suggest that optimized nitrogen-based soil amendments not only maximize physical yield but also enhance the bioactive potential of turmeric, providing a strategic approach for high-quality pharmaceutical-grade cultivation.

Keywords:
Curcuma longa Curcuminoids Nitrogen Management Secondary Metabolites Antibacterial Efficacy

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