Genetic Diversity and Structure in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Accessions Collected in Central and Northern Côte d’Ivoire Based on Agro-morphological Traits

Fofana Inza Jésus¹, Yao Saraka Didier Martial^1, and Koffi Eric-Blanchard Zadjéhi¹

¹Biochemistry and Genetic Department, Pedagogical and Research Unit of Genetics, Groundnut Research Program Training and Research Unit of Biological Sciences, Peleforo GON COULIBALY University (UPGC), PO Box 1328, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire

Cite this paper:
Fofana Inza Jésus, Yao Saraka Didier Martial and Koffi Eric-Blanchard Zadjéhi. Genetic Diversity and Structure in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Accessions Collected in Central and Northern Côte d’Ivoire Based on Agro-morphological Traits. Research in Plant Sciences. 2023; 11(1):1-8. doi: 10.12691/plant-11-1-1

Abstract

The agronomic potential of local groundnut cultivars grown in Central and Northern Côte d'Ivoire is less well known. This study aims to characterize the different groundnut accessions with a view to improving pod and seed yield. Thus, 14 groundnut accessions were evaluated using 19 agro-morphological traits. The results showed significant variability for the majority of these traits. The analysis of the agro-morphological structuring showed that the 4 traits, namely the number of pods (Ngo), number of seeds (NGr), pod yield per hectare (RGof), and yield per hectare of the dry weight of pods (RGoS) were the most relevant to discriminate the accessions into 3 distinct classes. The study of the existing correlation between vegetative and production traits revealed that seed yield is positively correlated with stem height, number of days to flowering, seed length, and seed width. The multivariate analysis of the traits indicated that accessions PA38 and PA18 gave the best vegetative state. Regarding phenological stages, accession PA18 (Dger = 7.00 ± 0.95 days); (NJM = 91.25 ± 2.89 days) was earlier. Regarding seed yields, accession PA38 (436.97 ± 27.59 kg/ha) was the most productive. The agro-morphological groups obtained can constitute gene pools to be used by groundnut research program of Peleforo GON COULIBALY University for groundnut improvement in Côte d’Ivoire.

Keywords:
groundnut accessions agro-morphological diversity Côte d’Ivoire

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