The Repeatability of Colorimetry is Precise(ly) as Expected

Amelia Aldrich¹, Rupal Lovell-Patel^{2, 3}, Peter Allen^{2, 3} and Arnold Wilkins^1,

¹Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester UK

²Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge UK

³Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge UK

Cite this paper:
Amelia Aldrich, Rupal Lovell-Patel, Peter Allen and Arnold Wilkins. The Repeatability of Colorimetry is Precise(ly) as Expected. Neuro-Ophthalmology & Visual Neuroscience. 2018; 3(1):1-6. doi: 10.12691/novn-3-1-1

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to assess the repeatability of clinical assessments with the Intuitive Colorimeter, a repeatability classified as “poor” in a previous study. Patients underwent assessments with the Intuitive Colorimeter in two studies. In each study, one published by Suttle et al and the other described herein, assessments were undertaken on two occasions. The studies differ in respect of the models of colorimeter used, the methods employed, the interval between examinations, and the masking of examiners. The repeatability was assessed using the methods currently used in clinical practice, which differ according to examiner. Both studies show a similar repeatability of the assessments. This repeatability is consistent with previous literature. We estimate the standard deviation of u’ and v’ coordinates each to be 0.020 and thereby obtain an estimate of the number of tinted trial lenses necessary when prescribing coloured filters. In patients with visual stress assessment with the Intuitive Colorimeter is repeatable. The minimum number of tints necessary for assessment is estimated to be 77.

Keywords:
Intuitive Colorimeter precision tints dyslexia migraine reliability

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Suttle CM, Barbur J, Conway ML. Coloured overlays and precision-tinted lenses: poor repeatability in a sample of adults diagnosed with visual stress. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2017; 37: 542-548.
[2]	Wilkins AJ, Evans BJW, Brown JA, et al. Double-masked placebo-controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1994; 14(4): 365-370.
[3]	Wilkins AJ, Nimmo-Smith I, Jansons JE. Colorimeter for the intuitive manipulation of hue and saturation and its role in the study of perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1992; 12(3): 381-385.
[4]	Wilkins AJ, Sihra N. A colorizer for use in determining an optimal ophthalmic tint. Color Res Appl. 2001; 26(3): 246-253.
[5]	Wilkins A. Reading Through Colour: How coloured filters can reduce reading difficulty, eye strain, and headaches. 2003; Wiley:Southampton. 176pp.
[6]	Wilkins A, Milroy R, Nimmo-Smith I, et al. Preliminary observations concerning treatment of visual discomfort and associated perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1992; 12(2): 257-263.
[7]	Wilkins AJ, Sihra N, Myers A. Increasing reading speed by using colours: Issues concerning reliability and specificity, and their theoretical and practical implications. Perception. 2005; 34(1): 109-120.
[8]	Wilkins AJ, Patel R, Adjamian P, Evans BJW. Tinted spectacles and visually sensitive migraine. Cephalalgia. 2002; 22(9): 711-719.
[9]	Huang J, Zong X, Wilkins A, Jenkins B, Bozoki A, Cao Y. FMRI evidence that precision ophthalmic tints reduce cortical hyperactivation in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2011; 31(8).
[10]	Coutts LV, Cooper CE, Elwell CE, Wilkins AJ. Time course of the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in migraine, measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cephalalgia. 2012; 32(8).
[11]	Evans BJW, Allen PM, Wilkins AJ. A Delphi study to develop practical diagnostic guidelines for visual stress (pattern-related visual stress). J Optom. 2016.
[12]	Wilkins A. Overlays for classroom and optometric use. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1994; 14(1): 97-99.
[13]	Wilkins AJ. A system for precision ophthalmic tinting: Manual for the Intuitive Colorimeter and trial lenses. 1993; Cerium Visual Technologies: Kent.
[14]	D’Ath PJ, Thomson WD, Wilkins AJ. Memory for the color of non-monochromatic lights. Color Res Appl. 2007; 32(1): 11-15.
[15]	Wilkins, A.J., Allen, P.M.,Monger, L. and Gilchrist, J. Visual stress and dyslexia for the practising optometrist. Optometry in Practice. 2016; 17(2): 103-112.
[16]	Wilkins A, Lewis E, Smith F, Rowland E, Tweedie W. Coloured overlays and their benefit for reading. J Res Read. 2001; 24(1): 41-64.
[17]	Wilkins A, Sihra N, Nimmo-Smith I. How precise do precision tints have to be and how many are necessary? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005; 25(3): 269-276.
[18]	Wilkins, A.J. A physiological basis for visual discomfort: application in lighting design. Lighting Research and Technology, 2016; 48: 44-54.
[19]	Haigh, S.M., Barningham, L., Berntsen, M, et al. Discomfort and the cortical haemodynamic response to coloured gratings. Vis. Res., 2013; 89: 47-53.