Relationship between Health Risk Behaviors and Physical Inactivity in Montana Adults

Peter D. Hart^1,

¹Health Promotion Research, Havre, MT 59501

Cite this paper:
Peter D. Hart. Relationship between Health Risk Behaviors and Physical Inactivity in Montana Adults. Journal of Physical Activity Research. 2021; 6(2):126-129. doi: 10.12691/jpar-6-2-10

Abstract

Background: Evidence supports the interrelationships between modifiable health risk behaviors (HRBs) in adults. However, few studies have specifically examined the extent to which HRBs relate to physical inactivity (PIA). The aim of this research was to fill this aforementioned gap. Methods: Data for this study came from the 2020 Montana Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Six different binary (yes/no) HRB variables were created and included overweight (OVERWEIGHT), obese (OBESE), current smoking (SMOKING), heavy drinking (DRINKING), not always using seatbelt (SEATBELT), and driven after drinking too much (DDRIVING). PIA status was assessed from a question asking adults if they participated in any physical activities or exercises during the past month. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between each HRB and PIA. Results: Bivariate analyses indicated a significantly (ps < .001) greater prevalence of PIA for those at high risk for all HRBs, except DRINKING. Fully adjusted regression models showed increased odds of PIA for adults at high risk for OVERWEIGHT (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06 – 1.60), OBESE (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.47 – 2.16), SMOKING (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25 – 2.00), SEATBELT (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08 – 1.61), and DDRIVING (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.09 – 3.55). Additionally, the OBESE × DDRIVING interaction was significant (p = .046) and indicated substantially greater odds of PIA for those considered high risk for OBESE and DDRIVING (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 2.08 – 17.18), as compared to their OBESE counterparts who are not high risk DDRIVING (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.40 – 2.27). Conclusion: This study found that several HRBs relate to PIA in adults from Montana. Health promotion specialists concerned with increasing physical activity should consider interventions that target multiple HRBs.

Keywords:
Physical activity (PA) Physical Inactivity (PIA) Health risk behaviors (HRBs)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Yung TK, Aounallah‐Skhiri H, Rehman R. Comparison of health risk behavior, awareness, and health benefit beliefs of health science and non‐health science students: An international study. Nursing & health sciences. 2016 Jun; 18(2): 180-7.
[2]	Mudryj AN, Riediger ND, Bombak AE. The relationships between health-related behaviours in the Canadian adult population. BMC public health. 2019 Dec; 19(1): 1-9.
[3]	Svendsen MT, Bak CK, Sørensen K, Pelikan J, Riddersholm SJ, Skals RK, Mortensen RN, Maindal HT, Bøggild H, Nielsen G, Torp-Pedersen C. Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec; 20(1): 1-2.
[4]	Jackson SE, Brown J, Ussher M, Shahab L, Steptoe A, Smith L. Combined health risks of cigarette smoking and low levels of physical activity: a prospective cohort study in England with 12-year follow-up. BMJ open. 2019 Nov 1; 9(11): e032852.
[5]	Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Oksanen T, Pentti J, De Vogli R, Virtanen M, Vahtera J. Obesity and occupational injury: a prospective cohort study of 69,515 public sector employees. PloS one. 2013 Oct 16; 8(10): e77178.
[6]	Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, George SM, Olson RD. The physical activity guidelines for Americans. Jama. 2018 Nov 20; 320(19): 2020-8.
[7]	Birch J, Petty R, Hooper L, Bauld L, Rosenberg G, Vohra J. Clustering of behavioural risk factors for health in UK adults in 2016: a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Public Health. 2019 Sep 30; 41(3): e226-36.
[8]	Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Pombo H, Pons-Vigués M, Casajuana-Closas M, Pujol-Ribera E, López-Jiménez T, Cabezas-Peña C, Martín-Borràs C, Serrano-Blanco A, Rubio-Valera M, Llobera J. Complex multiple risk intervention to promote healthy behaviours in people between 45 to 75 years attended in primary health care (EIRA study): study protocol for a hybrid trial. BMC Public Health. 2018 Dec; 18(1): 1-5.
[9]	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The BRFSS data user guide. August 15, 2013.
[10]	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Overview: BRFSS 2019. July 26, 2019.
[11]	SAS Institute Inc. 2015. SAS/STAT® 14.1 User’s Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
[12]	IBM Corp. Released 2020. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
[13]	Zou D, Lloyd JE, Baumbusch JL. Using SPSS to analyze complex survey data: a primer. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods. 2020; 18(1): 16.
[14]	Siller AB, Tompkins L. The big four: Analyzing complex sample survey data using SAS, SPSS, STATA, and SUDAAN. Inproceedings of the thirty-first annual SAS® Users Group international conference 2006 Mar 27 (pp. 26-29).
[15]	Díaz-Martínez X, Petermann F, Leiva AM, Garrido-Méndez A, Salas-Bravo C, Martínez MA, Labraña AM, Duran E, Valdivia-Moral P, Zagalaz ML, Poblete-Valderrama F. Association of physical inactivity with obesity, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in the Chilean population. Revista medica de Chile. 2018 May 1; 146(5): 585-95.
[16]	Piirtola M, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K, Svedberg P, Korhonen T, Ropponen A. Association between long-term smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity: a cohort study among Finnish twins with a 35-year follow-up. International journal of public health. 2017 Sep; 62(7): 819-29.
[17]	Gilchrist JD, Conroy DE, Sabiston CM. Associations between alcohol consumption and physical activity in breast cancer survivors. Journal of behavioral medicine. 2020 Apr; 43(2): 166-73.
[18]	Vancampfort D, Vandael H, Hallgren M, Probst M, Hagemann N, Bouckaert F, Van Damme T. Physical fitness and physical activity levels in people with alcohol use disorder versus matched healthy controls: a pilot study. Alcohol. 2019 May 1; 76: 73-9.