Engineering Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Graphene-Based Planar Metamaterials for Reconfigurable Quantum State Modulation

Cyrus Anuri Abiri^1, , Kenneth K. Sirma¹, Jared O. Gwaro¹ and Qasim M. Mehmood²

¹Department of Mathematics and Physical Science, Maasai Mara University P.O. Box 861 – 20500, Narok, Kenya

²Information Technology University, Pakistan

Cite this paper:
Cyrus Anuri Abiri, Kenneth K. Sirma, Jared O. Gwaro and Qasim M. Mehmood. Engineering Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Graphene-Based Planar Metamaterials for Reconfigurable Quantum State Modulation. Journal of Materials Physics and Chemistry. 2026; 14(2):32-37. doi: 10.12691/jmpc-14-2-1

Abstract

Realizing scalable quantum photonic networks requires precise, dynamically tunable control over light–matter interactions at subwavelength scales. This capability is currently bottlenecked by the static nature of conventional planar metamaterials, which limits real-time quantum state routing. This work introduces a dynamically reconfigurable planar metamaterial platform featuring an atomically thin graphene monolayer to achieve deterministic, continuous tuning of quantum emitter coupling environments. By exploiting transition boundary conditions in rigorous full-wave finite element simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics Software, we map the evolution of highly localized near-field resonant modes, identifying a dominant localized surface plasmon resonance at 4.3 THz. We demonstrate that actively modulating the graphene chemical potential (Ef) from 0.05 eV to 0.6 eV provides external control over the Local Density of Optical States (LDOS). This control enables a transition from weak uncoupled states to a near-perfect critically coupled light-matter absorption regime (98%). Crucially, the spatial field distribution transitions from an edge-confined mode to a symmetric multi-polar profile at 5 THz, culminating in a complete spatial mode inversion at 6 THz. This framework provides the missing design rules for actively steering complex quantum states, establishing a concrete pathway for fully integrated, dynamically programmable quantum photonic circuits.

Keywords:
Dynamically tunable metamaterials Graphene optoelectronics Quantum emitter coupling and Light–matter interaction

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