Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam with Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Wire

Nicholas G. Garafolo^1, and Garrett McHugh¹

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, U.S.A.

Cite this paper:
Nicholas G. Garafolo and Garrett McHugh. Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam with Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Wire. Journal of Mechanical Design and Vibration. 2018; 6(1):9-16. doi: 10.12691/jmdv-6-1-2

Abstract

Structural vibrations can damage systems and lead to high cycle fatigue, excess noise or even catastrophic failure. The research presented herein aims to quantify the effect of embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wire as an active suppression system to mitigate such vibrations in a flexible clamped-free beam. A silicone beam with embedded SMA wire was designed. Natural frequencies were calculated using a frequency response function (FRF) at varying temperatures. Experiments resulted in an average natural frequency shift of 44.7% and an amplitude decrease of 34% at the tip of the beam. Control samples were created using the same dimensions and silicone material. One control sample contained embedded aluminum wire while the other sample contained no embedded material. The addition of the unactuated SMA wire resulted in an average natural frequency shift of 160% and amplitude decrease of 44.6% while the actuated SMA wire resulted in a shift of 258% and amplitude decrease of 63.6%. The natural frequency of the embedded aluminum wire sample remained the same at low and high temperatures, leading to the conclusion that the frequency shift of the SMA sample was a result of the shape memory effect.

Keywords:
shape memory alloy vibration control natural frequency control clamped-free beam

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	G. Bir, J. Jonkman, “Aeroelastic instabilities of large offshore and onshore wind turbines”, National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy with the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (28-31 August 2007).
[2]	Y. Billah, “Resonance, Tacoma narrows bridge failure, and undergraduate physics textbooks”, American Journal of Physics 59 (2) (1990) 118-124.
[3]	L. Huang, “Flutter of cantilevered beams in axial flow”, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 9 (1) (1995) 127-147.
[4]	A. Baz, K. Imam, J. McCoy, “Active vibration control of flexible beams using shape memory actuators”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 140 (3) (1990) 437-456.
[5]	Y. Matsuzaki, “Recent research on adaptive structures and materials: Shape memory alloys and aeroelastic stability prediction”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 16 (11-12) (2005) 907-917.
[6]	W. Huang, “On the selection of shape memory alloys for actuators”, Materials & Design 23 (2002) 1-19.
[7]	L. M. Schetky, “Shape memory alloy applications in space systems”, Materials & Design 12 (1991) 29-32.
[8]	V. Giurgiutiu, “Review of smart-materials actuation solutions for aeroelastic and vibration control”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 11 (7) (2000) 525-544.
[9]	National Aeronautics and Space Administration, J. Heeg, NASA report 3241: “Analytical and experimental investigation of flutter suppression by piezoelectric actuation (1998)”.
[10]	P. Chen, I. Chopra, “Wind tunnel test of a smart rotor model with individual blade twist control”, SPIE 3041 (1) (1997) 217-229.
[11]	J. Rodgers, N. Hagood, “Preliminary Mach-scale hover testing of an integrated twist-actuated rotor blade”, SPIE 3329 (1998) 291-308.
[12]	P. S. Lobo, J. Almeida, L. Guerreiro, “Shape memory alloys behaviour: A review”, Procedia Engineering 114 (2015) 776-783.
[13]	C. Wayman, “Shape memory alloys”, Materials Research Society (1993) 49-56.
[14]	H. Rezaei, M. Kadkhodaei, H. Nahvi, “Analysis of nonlinear free vibration and damping of a clamped-clamped beam with embedded prestrained shape memory alloy wires”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23 (10) (2012) 1107-1117.
[15]	K. tak Lau, L. min Zhou, X. Ming Tao, “Control of natural frequencies of a clamped-clamped composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy wires”, Composite Structures 58 (1) (2002) 39-47.
[16]	N. G. Garafolo, R.J. Collard, “Active stiffness method for high cycle fatigue mitigation using topical thin foil shape memory alloy”, Journal of Mechanical Design and Vibration. 5 (1) (2017) 11-20.
[17]	N. G. Garafolo, R.J. Collard, “Performance Mapping of an Aluminum-Nitinol Composite Vibrating Beam”, Journal of Mechanical Design and Vibration. 5 (1) (2017) 27-36.
[18]	R. Wischt, N. Garafolo, “Variable stiffness technique for turbomachinery using shape memory alloys”, Proceedings from the 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural, Dynamics, and Materials Conference.
[19]	R. Wischt, N. Garafolo, “The development of an active damping and stiffness technique for turbomachinery using shape memory alloys”, Proceedings from the 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural, Dynamics, and Materials Conference.
[20]	M. Nascimento, C. J. Araujo, L. L. de Almeida, A. Lima, “A mathematical model for the strain-temperature hysteresis of shape memory alloy actuators”, Materials and Design 30 (3) (2009) 551-556.
[21]	A. Baz, S. Poh, J. Ro and J. Gilheany, “Control of the Natural Frequencies of Nitinol-Reinforced Composite Beams”, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 185(1), (1995) 171-185.
[22]	A. R. Damanpack, M. Bodaghi, M. M. Aghdam, M. Shakeri, “On the vibration control capability of shape memory alloy composite beams. Composite Structures. 110 (2014) 325-334.
[23]	M. M. Barzegari, M. Dardel, A. Fathi, “Vibration Analysis of a Beam with Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Wires”, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica. Vol. 26, No. 5, October, 2013.
[24]	S. S. Nakshatharan, D. J. S. Ruth, K. Dhanalakshmi, “Design based active vibration control of a flexible structure using shape memory alloy wire actuators”, Proceedings from the 6th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), 2012.
[25]	J. W. Sohn, Y. M. Han, S. B. Choi, “Vibration and Position Tracking Control of a Flexible Beam Using SMA Wire Actuators”, Journal of Vibration and Control. 15(2), 263-281.