Journals A-Z
All Subjects
Free Journals
sciepub.com
Journal of Food Security
ISSN (Print): 2372-0115 ISSN (Online): 2372-0107 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/jfs Editor-in-chief: Apply for this position
Open Access
Journal Browser
Go
Issue 2, Volume 13
Article Metrics
  • 1168
    Views
  • 3021
    Saves
  • 0
    Citations
  • 2
    Likes
Export Article
Journal of Food Security. 2025, 13(2), 77-84
DOI: 10.12691/jfs-13-2-4
Open AccessArticle

Food Availability in Homes with Children and Adolescents: Associated Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Priscila Pena Camargo1, Erica Costa Rodrigues1, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes2, Natália Caldeira de Carvalho3, Adriana Lúcia Meireles2 and Raquel de Deus Mendonça2,

1Federal University of Ouro Preto, Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Brazil

2Federal University of Ouro Preto, Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Ouro Preto, Brazil

3Federal University of Ouro Preto, Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Department of Food, Ouro Preto, Brazil

Pub. Date: June 23, 2025
View Full Text Full Text PDF (228 KB) Full Text ePUB(250 KB)

Cite this paper:
Priscila Pena Camargo, Erica Costa Rodrigues, Mariana Carvalho de Menezes, Natália Caldeira de Carvalho, Adriana Lúcia Meireles and Raquel de Deus Mendonça. Food Availability in Homes with Children and Adolescents: Associated Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Food Security. 2025; 13(2):77-84. doi: 10.12691/jfs-13-2-4

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic aggravated food insecurity mainly among the most vulnerable populations. Food availability is an important tool for monitoring food security, as it allows the quality of food consumed to be assessed. We investigated food availability in households with children and adolescents during the suspension of school meals during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of public-school students (n = 611). Socioeconomic factors, food insecurity, and food availability were investigated through telephone interviews with those responsible for purchasing and/or cooking foods in households. Multiple linear regression was used to verify the associations between food availability, Socioeconomic factors, and food insecurity. Of those interviewed, 92.2% were females, 80.2% declared themselves brown or black, and 50.7% were unemployed. Of the households, 82.0% experienced food insecurity, and 64.9% had a low socioeconomic classification. A negative correlation was identified between availability of healthy food and food insecurity (r=-0.64; p<0.001) and negative association with not married marital status (p=0.004), a higher number of children (p=0.020), low socioeconomic status (p<0.001), a drop in family income (p=0.001), and household food insecurity (p<0.001). Households with children and adolescents had unsatisfactory food availability associated with social vulnerability.

Keywords:
Food Security Student Health Food availability Schoolchildren

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]  A. Sharma, I. Ahmad Farouk, S.K. Lal. “COVID-19: A Review on the Novel Coronavirus Disease Evolution, Transmission, Detection, Control and Prevention”, Viruses, 13(2), 202, January 2021. [Online]. Available from: https:// pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ articles/PMC7911532/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[2]  BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. (2023). Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – Histórico. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.br/fnde/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e-programas/programas/pnae/historico. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[3]  C. H. Mota, S. S. B. S, Mastroeni, M. F. Mastoreni. “Consumo da refeição escolar na rede pública municipal de ensino”. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, 94(236), 168-84, 2013. [Online]. Available: http:// rbep.inep.gov.br/ ojs3/index.php/ rbep/article/view/3536/3271. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[4]  S. Forrestal, E. Potamites, J. Guthrie, N. Paxton. “Associations among Food Security, School Meal Participation, and Students’ Diet Quality in the First School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study”, Nutrients, 13(2), 307, February 2021. [Online]. Available: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33499016/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[5]  BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Resolução no 02, de 09 de abril de 2020. Dispõe sobre a execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE durante o período de estado de calamidade pública. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.br/fnde/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/legislacao/resolucoes/2020/resolucao-ndeg-2-de-09-de-abril-de-2020/view. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[6]  HLPE. (2020). Food Security and Nutrition: Building a Global Narrative towards 2030. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. Available: http:// www.fao.org/3/ca9731en/ca9731en.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[7]  L. D. Barbosa, L. K. M. Sousa, E. Schott, F. A. C. Rezende, A. Q. Ribeiro, S. E. Priore et al. “Disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos a partir da nova classificação de alimentos e (in)segurança alimentar”, Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 25(7), 2701–9, July 2020. [Online]. Available: http:// www.scielo.br/ j/csc/a/9WkzGxy36TjHW6MDG9D9g9D/?lang=pt. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[8]  Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (s.d.). Mariana – Panorama. [Online]. Available: https:// cidades.ibge.gov.br/ brasil/ mg/mariana/panorama. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[9]  Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde. Publicações - Índice de Desigualdades Sociais para COVID-19. [Online]. Available: https:// cidacs.bahia.fiocruz.br/ idscovid19/publicacoes/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[10]  Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (s.d.). Ouro Preto – Panorama. [Online]. Available: https:// cidades.ibge.gov.br/ brasil/mg/ouro-preto/panorama. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[11]  BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Resolução no 06, de 08 de maio de 2020. Dispõe sobre o atendimento da alimentação escolar aos alunos da educação básica no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar – PNAE. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.br/fnde/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/legislacao/resolucoes/2020/resolucao-no-6-de-08-de-maio-de-2020/view. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[12]  Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. (2020). Manual do Questionário Geral: Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). [Online]. Rio de Janeiro, RJ; 2020. Available: https://enani.nutricao.ufrj.br/download/manual-do-questionario-geral-2/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[13]  BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. (2008). Protocolos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN na assistência à saúde. [Online]. Brasília, DF; 2008. Available: https:// http://189.28.128.100/nutricao/docs/geral/protocolo_sisvan.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[14]  BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. (2014). Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira. [Online]. Brasília, DF; 2014. Available: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_alimentar_populacao_brasileira_2ed.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[15]  C. E. Rossi, L. C. F. Costa, M. S. Machado, D. F. Andrade, F. A. G. Vasconcelos. “Factors associated with food consumption in schools and overweight/obesity in 7 to 10-year-old schoolchildren in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil”, Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, 24(2), 443–54, February 2019. [Online]. Available: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30726377/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[16]  Peter, N. B. (2016). Disponibilidade de alimentos no domicílio de escolares da zona rural de Pelotas (Dissertação de Mestrado). [Online]. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas; 2016. Available: https:// guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/prefix/3932. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[17]  R. Pérez-Escamilla, A. M. Segall-Corrêa. “Food insecurity measurement and indicators”, Revista de Nutrição, 21(Suplemento), 15s-26s, July/August 2008. [Online]. Available: https://www.scielo.br/j/rn/a/mfgJyKLc9HP7nXLRX5fH3Fh/?format=pdf&lang=en. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[18]  A. Jafri, N. Mathe, E. K. Aglago, S. O. Konyole, M. Ouedraogo, K. Audain et al. “Food availability, accessibility and dietary practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country survey”, Public Health Nutrition, 24(7), 1798-805, May 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663623/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[19]  United Nations. (2020). Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on Food Security and Nutrition - JUNE 2020. [Online]. Available: https://unsdg.un.org/resources/policy-brief-impact-covid-19-food-security-and-nutrition. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[20]  N. Sperandio, D. C. Morais. “Alimentação escolar no contexto de pandemia: a ressignificação e o protagonismo do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar”, Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, 28(00), e021006, March 2021. [Online]. Available: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/san/article/view/8661396. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[21]  BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. (2015). Cartilha Nacional da Alimentação Escolar. [Online]. Brasília, DF; 2015. Available: https://siteal.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/sit_accion_files/cartilha_nacional_da_alimentacao_escolar.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[22]  World Food Programme. (2020). Global Monitoring of School Meals During COVID-19 School Closures. [Online]. Available: https://cdn.wfp.org/2020/school-feeding-map/index.html. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[23]  IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2020). Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018: Avaliação Nutricional da Disponibilidade Domiciliar de Alimentos no Brasil. [Online]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2020. Available: https:// biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/ visualizacao/ livros/liv101704.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[24]  Rede Brasileira de Pesquisa em Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Rede PENSSAN). (2022). II Inquérito Nacional sobre Insegurança Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil (II VIGISAN). [Online]. São Paulo; 2022. Available: https://olheparaafome.com.br/wp-content/ uploads/2022/ 06/ Relatorio-II-VIGISAN-2022.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[25]  M. Burke, C. Cabili, D. Berman, S. Forrestal, P. A. Gleason. “Randomized Controlled Trial of Three School Meals and Weekend Food Backpacks on Food Security in Virginia”, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121(1S), S34–S45, January 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33342523/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[26]  E. C. Rodrigues, R. D. Mendonça, P. P. Camargo, M. C. Menezes, N. C. Carvalho, A. L. Meireles. “Home food insecurity during the suspension of classes in Brazilian public schools due to the COVID-19 pandemic”, Nutrition, 93:111448, 2022. [Online]. Available: https:// www.sciencedirect.com/ science/ article/pii/ S0899900721003105?via%3Dihub. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[27]  T. R. Prado, A. C. Mazzonetto, A. M. Botelho, G. M. R. Fiates. “Home availability of ultraprocessed foods in families who prepare meals at home”, Revista de Nutrição, 35:e210249, 2022. [Online]. Available: http:// www.scielo.br/ j/rn/a/ bvRmrngJ9XCZJyYD4M4LTmn/ abstract/?lang=en. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[28]  I. G. Raskind, R. C. Woodruff, D. Ballard, S. T. Cherry, S. Daniel, R. Haardörfer et al. “Decision-making processes shaping the home food environments of young adult women with and without children”, Appetite, 113, 124–133, June 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195666317302647?via%3Dihub. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[29]  Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2019). Síntese de indicadores sociais: uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira: 2019. [Online]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2019. Available: https:// biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/ visualizacao/ livros/liv101678.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[30]  N. Valle Silva, C. Hasenbalg. “Tendências da desigualdade educacional no Brasil”, Dados, 43(3), 423-445, 2000. [Online]. Available: http:// www.scielo.br/j/ dados/a/ pjz8g84tSdvrM6p3GbwdNtk/?lang=pt. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[31]  E. I. M. Steele, F. I. Rauber, C. I. S. Costa, M. I. A. Leite, K. I. T. Gabe, M. L. C. Louzada et al. “Dietary changes in the NutriNet Brasil cohort during the covid-19 pandemic”, Revista de Saúde Pública, 54(91), 2020. [Online].
 
[32]  J. A. Wolfson, C. W. Leung. “Food Insecurity and COVID-19: Disparities in Early Effects for US Adults”, Nutrients, 12(6), 1648, June 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1648/htm. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[33]  Folha de São Paulo. (2021, 11 de março). “Em um ano de pandemia, alta em preço de alimentos é quase o triplo da inflação”. Folha de São Paulo. [Online]. Available: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2021/03/em-um-ano-de-pandemia-preco-dos-alimentos-sobe-quase-tres-vezes-a-inflacao.shtml. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[34]  Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2020). Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA. Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo – IPCA. [Online]. IBGE; 2020. Available from: https:// sidra.ibge.gov.br/ pesquisa/ snipc/ipca/quadros/brasil/julho-2020. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[35]  J. G. Baccarin, J. A. Oliveira. “Inflação de alimentos no Brasil em período da pandemia da COVID 19, continuidade e mudanças”, Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, 28(00), e021002, 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ ojs/index.php/san/article/view/8661127. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[36]  R. B. Levy, G. A. Calixto, G. L. Cruz, F. Rauber, M. L. C. Louzada, R. M. Claro et al. “Three decades of household food availability according to NOVA-Brazil, 1987-2018”, Revista de Saúde Pública, 56(75), 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/G7KPsdVDPBsLFBLr93Q5rpK/?format=pdf&lang=en. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[37]  D. B. Jackson, A. Testa, D. C. Semenza. “Household food insecurity and school readiness among preschool-aged children in the USA”, Public Health Nutrition, 24(6), 1469-1477, 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC10195580/pdf/S1368980021000550a.pdf. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
[38]  Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2020). Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua - Educação 2019. [Online]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2020. Available: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101736_informativo.pdf. Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
 
Manuscript template