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Journal of Food Security. 2025, 13(2), 49-66
DOI: 10.12691/jfs-13-2-1
Open AccessArticle

A Study of the Availability of Chemical and Bacteriological Quality Standards for Some Frozen Vegetables Traded in Egyptian Markets

Yousif A. Elhassaneen1, , Mai A. Garib1 and Nouran N. Khoudair1

1Department of Nutrition and Food science, Faculty of Home Economics, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

Pub. Date: May 06, 2025
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Cite this paper:
Yousif A. Elhassaneen, Mai A. Garib and Nouran N. Khoudair. A Study of the Availability of Chemical and Bacteriological Quality Standards for Some Frozen Vegetables Traded in Egyptian Markets. Journal of Food Security. 2025; 13(2):49-66. doi: 10.12691/jfs-13-2-1

Abstract

This study examines the chemical and bacteriological quality standards of frozen vegetables in Egyptian markets and their compliance with standard specifications. Chemical analysis shows some samples are unsafe due to toxic heavy metals, ash insoluble in acid, and total solids insoluble in alcohol, exceeding Egyptian limits. Molokhia samples show ash insoluble in acid levels from 0.15 to 0.24 g/100g (fresh weight), slightly exceeding the 0.15 g dry weight standard, suggesting potential non-bioavailable minerals. Frozen Peas show lead contamination, with Brand II exceeding the 0.1 ppm Egyptian limit. Total solids insoluble in alcohol range from 21.12 to 24.91 g/100g across three brands, with most samples meeting the 23 g standard. Brand I (24.91 ± 0.33 g/100g) and Brand II (23.5 ± 0.45 g/100g) slightly exceed the limit, while Brand III (21.12 ± 0.11 g/100g) is below. Okra samples show Brand II exceeds the 0.2 ppm lead limit, while Brand III has no detectable lead, indicating potential safety benefits. Lead contamination is a major concern, highlighting the need for further investigation into Egypt's food safety practices. Microbiological testing confirms all frozen samples are safe for consumption, with bacterial and fungal levels within acceptable limits. The absence of E. coli and low coliform levels further confirm microbiological safety, suggesting freezing is effective in controlling microbial contamination. The study recommends ongoing surveys of frozen vegetable samples in the market to ensure the freezing process effectively controls chemical and microbial contamination and ensures compliance with all quality standards.

Keywords:
Molokhia pea okra nutritional value minerals content chemical quality indices Egyptian standard

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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