| [1] | G. J. Stigler, ‘The Economics of Information’, J. Polit. Econ., vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 213-225, Jun. 1961. |
| |
| [2] | W. H. Melody, ‘Information: An Emerging Dimension of Institutional Analysis’, J. Econ. Issues, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1313-1339, Sep. 1987. |
| |
| [3] | W. H. Melody, ‘Policy Implication of the New Information Economy’, in Institutional Analysis and Economic Policy, M. P. Tool and P. D. Bush, Eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, pp. 412-432. |
| |
| [4] | J. E. Stiglitz, ‘Information’, Concise Encycl. Econ. Libr. Econ. Lib., 2008. |
| |
| [5] | P. F. Dale and J. D. McLaughlin, Land Information Management: An Introduction with Special Reference to Cadastral Problems in Third World Countries. Oxford University Press, USA, 1988. |
| |
| [6] | G. Adlington, R. Grover, M. Heywood, S. Keith, P. Munro-Faure, and L. Perrotta, ‘Developing Real Estate Markets in Transition Economies’, presented at the UN Intergovernmental Conference, Geneva, 2000. |
| |
| [7] | F. N. Hammond, ‘The Social Costs of Real Estate Market Information Gaps in Ghana’, Urban Policy Res., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 391-408, Sep. 2006. |
| |
| [8] | P. F. Dale, R. Mahoney, and R. McLaren, ‘Land markets and the modern economy’, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, London, RICS Research Paper, Jul. 2010. |
| |
| [9] | G. A. Akerlof, ‘The Market for “Lemons”: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism’, Q. J. Econ., vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 488–500, Aug. 1970. |
| |
| [10] | E. D’Arcy and G. Keogh, ‘Territorial Competition and Property Market Process: An Exploratory Analysis’, Urban Stud., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1215-1230, Jul. 1998. |
| |
| [11] | E. D’Arcy, ‘Market-Making in the Real Estate Market: The Case of Real Estate Services’, in 11th Annual Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 2005. |
| |
| [12] | P. Norris, D. Schweikhardt, and E. Scorsone, ‘The instituted nature of market information’, in Alternative Institutional Structures, vol. 20085781, N. Mercuro and S. Batie, Eds. Routledge, 2008, pp. 330-348. |
| |
| [13] | I. R. Methven, M. D. Sutherland, and B. Nkwae, ‘The Unique Challenge of Land Information Systems and the Knowledge Economy in Africa – Untying the Lion’, in Land Management Information Systems in the Knowledge Economy, Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, 2007, pp. 63-96. |
| |
| [14] | C. Fourie and O. Nino-Fluck, ‘Cadastre and Land Information Systems for Decision-Makers in the Developing World’, Geomatica, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 335-342, 2000. |
| |
| [15] | J. Wallace and I. Williamson, ‘Building Land Markets’, Land Use Policy, vol. 23, pp. 123-135, 2006. |
| |
| [16] | C. Toulmin, ‘Securing Land and Property Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Local Institutions’, Land Use Policy, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 10-19, Jan. 2009. |
| |
| [17] | F. N. Hammond and R. T. Abdulai, Eds., Costs of Land Registration in Ghana. Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2011. |
| |
| [18] | C. Augustinus, ‘Comparative Analysis of Land Administration Systems: African Review with Special Reference to Mozambique, Uganda, Namibia, Ghana, South Africa’, World Bank, Jan. 2003. |
| |
| [19] | S. Latu and S. Dacey, ‘Information Systems for Multi-Tenure Jurisdictions’, Electron. J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries., vol. 24, 2006. |
| |
| [20] | E. Rode, ‘How to track property markets in African cities’, in How to track property markets in African cities, Johannesburg, 2010. |
| |
| [21] | R. A. Ahene, ‘Measures to Improve Access to Land Resources and Related Benefits in Uganda’, in FIG and World Bank Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MGDs: Responding to New Challenges, Washington DC, 2009. |
| |
| [22] | J. M. L. Kironde, ‘Understanding land markets in African urban areas:: the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’, Habitat Int., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 151-165, Jun. 2000. |
| |
| [23] | A. Galal and O. Razzaz, ‘Reforming Land and Real Estate Markets’, World Bank, Washington DC, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2616, Jun. 2001. |
| |
| [24] | C. R. Leduka, ‘Explaining Informal Land Delivery Systems and Institutions in African Cities: Conceptual Framework and Emerging Evidence’, in The Perpetuating Challenge of Informal Settlements, 2004. |
| |
| [25] | T. Hanstad, ‘Designing Land Registration Systems for Developing Countries’, Am. Univ. Int. Law Rev., vol. 13, pp. 647-703, 1998. |
| |
| [26] | S. Moyo, ‘Land in the Political Economy of African Development: Alternative Strategies for Reform’, Afr. Dev., vol. XXXII, no. 4, pp. 1-34, 2007. |
| |
| [27] | M. Barry and C. Fourie, ‘Analysing Cadastral Systems in Uncertain Situations: A Conceptual Framework Based on Soft Systems Theory’, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 23-40, 2002. |
| |
| [28] | G. Feder and A. Nishio, ‘The benefits of land registration and titling: Economic and social perspectives’, Land Use Policy, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 25-43, Jan. 1998. |
| |
| [29] | D. Palmer, ‘Making land registration more effective’, Land Reform, no. 1-2, pp. 36-44, 1999. |
| |
| [30] | J. Manthorpe, ‘Building a Land Registration System to support the Social and Economic needs of a country’, presented at the UNECE – Committee on Human Settlements Working Party on Land Administration, Athens - Greece, 2003. |
| |
| [31] | T. Burns, ‘Land Administration Reform: Indicators of Success and Future Challenges’, World Bank, Agriculture and Rural Developme Discussion Paper 37, 2007. |
| |
| [32] | K. Deininger and G. Feder, ‘Land Registration, Economic Development, and Poverty Reduction’, in Property rights and land policies, G. K. Ingram and Y.-H. Hong, Eds. Cambridge, Mass.: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2009, pp. 257–294. |
| |
| [33] | R. Mitchell, ‘Formalization of Rights to Land’, in One Billion Rising Law - Land and the Alleviation of Global Poverty, R. Prosterman, R. Mitchell, and T. Hanstad, Eds. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2009, pp. 333-375. |
| |
| [34] | C. W. Dickerman and G. Barnes, ‘Security of tenure and land registration in Africa : literature review and synthesis’, Land Tenure Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 137, 1989. |
| |
| [35] | H. Pessali, ‘Public Policy Design in Developing Societies - Beyond Tranplatation’, Jouranl Dev. Soc., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 11-28, 2011. |
| |
| [36] | T. Besley, ‘Property rights and investment incentives: Theory and evidence from Ghana’, J. Polit. Econ., vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 903-937, 1995. |
| |
| [37] | G. Payne, A. Durand-Lasserve, and C. Rakodi, ‘Social and Economic Impacts of Land Titling Programs in Urban and Periurban Areas: A Short Review of the Literature’, in Urban Land Market, S. V. Lall, M. Freire, B. Yuen, R. Rajack, and J. Helluin, Eds. Springer, 2009, pp. 133-161. |
| |
| [38] | S. Lastarria-Cornhiel, ‘Impact of Privatization on Gender and Property Rights in Africa’, World Dev., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 1317-1333, 1997. |
| |
| [39] | J. Blocher, ‘Building on Custom: Land Tenure Policy and Economic Development in Ghana’, Yale Hum. Rights Dev. Law J., vol. 9, pp. 166-202, 2006. |
| |
| [40] | C. Toulmin, P. L. Delville, and S. Traoré, ‘Introduction: The Dynamics of Resource Tenure in West Africa’, in The Dynamics of Resource Tenure in West Africa, C. Toulmin, P. Lavigne Delville, and S. Traoré, Eds. London: GRET; IIED, 2002, pp. 25-36. |
| |
| [41] | J.-P. Platteau, ‘Reforming Land Rights in Sub-Saharan Africa Issues of Efficiency and Equity’, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Switzerland, Discussion Paper DP 60, 1995. |
| |
| [42] | J.-P. Platteau, ‘Allocating and Enforcing Property Rights in Land: Informal versus Formal Mechanisms in Subsaharan Africa’, Nord. J. Polit. Econ., vol. 26, pp. 55-81, 2000. |
| |
| [43] | D. W. Bromley, ‘Formalising Property Relations in the Developing World: The Wrong Prescription for the Wrong Malady’, Land Use Policy, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 20-27, Jan. 2009. |
| |
| [44] | A. Antwi, ‘Urban Land Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Quantitative Study of Accra Ghana.’, PhD, Napier University, 2000. |
| |
| [45] | N. Kanji, L. Cotula, T. Hilhorst, C. Toulmin, and W. Witten, ‘Can Land Registration Serve Poor and Marginalised Groups? Summary Report’, IIED, London, Nov. 2005. |
| |
| [46] | S. Nichols and J. McLaughin, ‘The Information Role of Land Registration in Land Administration’, in XIX FIG International Congress, Helsinki, Finland, 1990, pp. 106-114. |
| |
| [47] | S. Nichols, ‘Land Registration: Managing Information for Land Administration’, PhD, University of New Brunswick, Department of Surveying Engineering, Technical Report No. 168, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 1993. |
| |
| [48] | E. Nkurunziza, ‘Understanding informal urban land access processes from a legal pluralist perspective: The case of Kampala, Uganda’, Habitat Int., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 109-120, Mar. 2008. |
| |
| [49] | R. Knight, Statutory Recognition of Customary Land Rights in Africa: An Investigation into Best Practices for Lawmaking and Implementation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010. |
| |
| [50] | C. M. Hann, ‘Introduction - the embeddedness of property’, in Property relations : renewing the anthropological tradition, C. M. Hann, Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. |
| |
| [51] | C. Lund, ‘African land tenure: questioning basic assumptions.’, no. 100, 2000. |
| |
| [52] | B. Cousins, ‘More Than Socially Embedded: The Distinctive Character of “communal Tenure” Regimes in South Africa and Its Implications for Land Policy’, J. Agrar. Change, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 281-315, 2007. |
| |
| [53] | D. Doré, ‘Transforming Traditional Institutions for Sustainable Natural Resource Management: History, Narratives and Evidence from Zimbabwe’s Communal Areas’, Afr. Stud. Q., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1-18, Fall 2001. |
| |
| [54] | D. Aworawo, ‘Economic Policy and the Social Context of Africa’s Development: An Analysis of the Experiences of Nigeria and Botswana’, J. Sustain. Dev. Afr., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 111-126, 2012. |
| |
| [55] | A. M. Kim, ‘North versus South: The Impact of Social Norms in the Market Pricing of Private Property Rights in Vietnam’, SSRN ELibrary, Jun. 2007. |
| |
| [56] | O. K. Oyerinde, ‘The Constitution of Order Among the Yoruba of Nigeria’, PhD, Indiana University, Bloomington, 2006. |
| |
| [57] | C. Rakodi and C. R. Leduka, ‘Informal Land Delivery Processes and Access to Land for the Poor: A Comparative Study of Six African Cities’, International Development Department School of Public Policy The University of Birmingham, England, Policy Brief 6, 2004. |
| |
| [58] | P. Jenkins, ‘African Cities:Competing Claims on Urban Land’, in African cities : competing claims on urban spaces, F. Locatelli and P. Nugent, Eds. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2009, pp. 81-108. |
| |
| [59] | A. Postlewaite, ‘Social Norms and Preferences’, in Handbook of Social Economics, vol. Volume 1, J. Benhabib, A. Bisin, and M. O. Jackson, Eds. North-Holland, 2011, pp. 31-67. |
| |
| [60] | M. C. Casson, M. Della Giusta, and U. S. Kambhampati, ‘Formal and Informal Institutions and Development’, World Dev., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 137-141, Feb. 2010. |
| |
| [61] | R. D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. |
| |
| [62] | J. S. Coleman, ‘Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital’, Am. J. Sociol., vol. 94, pp. S95-S120, Jan. 1988. |
| |
| [63] | P. Bourdieu, ‘The Forms of Capital’, in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, J. G. Richardson, Ed. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986, pp. 241-258. |
| |
| [64] | E. G. Katz, ‘Social Capital and Natural Capital: A Comparative Analysis of Land Tenure and Natural Resource Management in Guatemala’, Land Econ., vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 114-132, Feb. 2000. |
| |
| [65] | A. Portes, ‘Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology’, Annu. Rev. Sociol., vol. 24, pp. 1-24, 1998. |
| |
| [66] | W. Stone, Measuring Social Capital: Towards a Theoretically Informed Measurement Framework for Researching Social Capital in Family and Community Life. Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies, 2001. |
| |
| [67] | K. P. Adhikari and P. Goldey, ‘Social Capital and its “Downside”: The Impact on Sustainability of Induced Community-Based Organizations in Nepal’, World Dev., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 184-194, Feb. 2010. |
| |
| [68] | B. Fine, ‘Social capital’, Dev. Pract., vol. 17, no. 4, p. 566, 2007. |
| |
| [69] | M. G. Quibria, The Puzzle of Social Capital a Critical Review. Asian Development Bank, 2003. |
| |
| [70] | M. W. Foley and B. Edwards, ‘Is It Time to Disinvest in Social Capital?’, J. Public Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 141-173, Aug. 1999. |
| |
| [71] | N. Uphoff, ‘Understanding Social Capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation’, in Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective, P. Dasgupta and I. Serageldin, Eds. Washington DC: World Bank, 2000, pp. 215-249. |
| |
| [72] | M. Rostila, ‘The Facets of Social Capital’, J. Theory Soc. Behav., p. no-no, Dec. 2010. |
| |
| [73] | N. Uphoff and C. M. Wijayaratna, ‘Demonstrated Benefits from Social Capital: The Productivity of Farmer Organizations in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka’, World Dev., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1875-1890, Nov. 2000. |
| |
| [74] | A. Portes, ‘Institutions and Development: A Conceptual Reanalysis’, Popul. Dev. Rev., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 233-262, 2006. |
| |
| [75] | M. Bada, ‘Culture and Social Structures’, in 44th Annual International Studies Association Convention, 2003. |
| |
| [76] | A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, Structure and Function in Primitive Society: Essays and Addresses. London: Cohen & West, 1952. |
| |
| [77] | S. F. Nadel, The theory of social structure. London: Cohen & West, 1957. |
| |
| [78] | J. E. Stets and P. J. Burke, ‘A Sociological Approach to Self and Identity’, in Handbook of Self and Identity, M. R. Leary and J. P. Tangney, Eds. New York: Guilford Press, 2003, pp. 128-152. |
| |
| [79] | A. N. Licht, ‘Social Norms and the Law: Why Peoples Obey the Law’, Rev. Law Econ., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 715-750, Dec. 2008. |
| |
| [80] | B. O. Igboin, ‘Colonialism and African cultural values’, Afr. J. Hist. Cult., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 96-103, Jul. 2011. |
| |
| [81] | J. Scott, Conceptualising the Social World: Principles of Social Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. |
| |
| [82] | M. A. Burke and H. P. Young, ‘Social Norms’, in Handbook of Social Economics, vol. Volume 1, J. Benhabib, A. Bisin, and M. O. Jackson, Eds. North-Holland, 2011, pp. 311-338. |
| |
| [83] | W. W. Powell, ‘Expanding the Scope of Institutional Analysis’, in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, 1st ed., W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio, Eds. University Of Chicago Press, 1991, pp. 183-203. |
| |
| [84] | J. R. de Laiglesia, ‘Do Institutions Block Agricultural Development in Africa?’, OECD, Paris, Policy Insights 17, Apr. 2006. |
| |
| [85] | S. Johnson, ‘Institutions, Markets and Economic Development’, in An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency, S. Deneulin, Ed. 2009. |
| |
| [86] | A. Orrnert, ‘Missing pieces: an overview of the institutional puzzle’, Public Adm. Dev., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 449-455, 2006. |
| |
| [87] | C. Lund and C. Boone, ‘Introduction: Land Politics in Africa – Constituting Authority Over Territory, Property and Persons’, Africa, vol. 83, no. Special Issue 01, pp. 1-13, 2013. |
| |
| [88] | J. W. Meyer and B. Rowan, ‘Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony’, Am. J. Sociol., vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 340-363, 1977. |
| |
| [89] | R. Schickele, ‘Theories concerning Land Tenure’, J. Farm Econ., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 734–744, Dec. 1952. |
| |
| [90] | M. Trebilcock and P.-E. Veel, ‘Property Rights and Development: The Contingent Case for Formalization’, Univ. Pa. J. Int. Law, vol. 30, p. 397, 2009 2008. |
| |
| [91] | J. R. de Laiglesia, ‘Institutional bottlenecks for agricultural development: a stock-taking exercise based on evidence from sub-Saharan Africa’, OECD Development Centre, Paris, OECD Development Centre working paper 248, 2006. |
| |
| [92] | D. Fitzpatrick, ‘Evolution and Chaos in Property Rights Systems: The Third World Tragedy of Contested Access’, Yale Law J., vol. 115, no. 5, pp. 996-1048, Mar. 2006. |
| |
| [93] | J.-P. Platteau, ‘Institutional obstacles to African economic development: State, ethnicity, and custom’, J. Econ. Behav. Organ., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 669-689, Sep. 2009. |
| |
| [94] | J. M. Ubink, ‘Legalising customary land tenure in Ghana: The case of peri-urban Kumasi’, in Legalising land rights local practices, state responses and tenure security in Africa, Asia and Latin America, J. M. Ubink, A. J. Hoekema, and J. Willem, Eds. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2009, pp. 163-191. |
| |
| [95] | W. O. Larbi, ‘Urban Land Policies and the Delivery of Developable Land in Ghana’, PhD, University of Reading, 1994. |
| |
| [96] | M. Mattingly and A. Durand-Lasserve, ‘Housing the Poor Through African Neo-Customary Land Delivery Systems’, Department for International Development (DFID), London, Research Report R8252, Apr. 2004. |
| |
| [97] | C. W. Kihato, ‘Rethinking urban land markets in Africa’, Urban Landmark e-news, Jun-2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.urbanlandmark.org.za/newsletter/issue/0502/01.php. [Accessed: 20-Oct-2012]. |
| |
| [98] | C. Rakodi, ‘Social agency and state authority in land delivery processes in African cities: Compliance, conflict and cooperation’, Int. Dev. Plan. Rev., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 263-285, Jun. 2006. |
| |
| [99] | C. O. Odum and E. O. Ibem, ‘Securing urban land for housing among low-income earners in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Case study of workers’ co‐operative society, Enugu, Nigeria’, J. Stud. Res. Hum. Geogr., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 61-75, 2011. |
| |
| [100] | D. Chimhamhiwa, P. van der Molen, O. Mutanga, and D. Rugege, ‘Towards a framework for measuring end to end performance of land administration business processes - A case study’, Comput. Environ. Urban Syst., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 293-301, Jul. 2009. |
| |
| [101] | G. Keogh and E. D’Arcy, ‘Property Market Efficiency: An Institutional Economics Perspective’, Urban Stud., vol. 36, no. 13, pp. 2401-2414, Dec. 1999. |
| |
| [102] | P. Arvanitidis, ‘Urban Transformation and Property Market Analysis: An Institutional Perspective’, RICS, RICS Research Conference 1999, 1999. |
| |