Ecological Evaluation of Urban Heat Island in Chicago City, USA

R. Alfraihat¹, G. Mulugeta¹ and T. S. Gala^1,

¹Department of Geography, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL., USA

Cite this paper:
R. Alfraihat, G. Mulugeta and T. S. Gala. Ecological Evaluation of Urban Heat Island in Chicago City, USA. Journal of Atmospheric Pollution. 2016; 4(1):23-29. doi: 10.12691/jap-4-1-3

Abstract

The city of Chicago has experiences of Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena and a good example is its widely reported heat wave of 1995. This study conducted an ecological evaluation of Chicago’s UHI phenomena using LANDSAT TM of 2010, almost 15 years after the lethal heat wave and subsequently implemented various UHI mitigation efforts. The thermal characteristics of the city were assessed with a Land Surface Temperature (LST), a parameter retrieved from LANDSAT TM 6; a thermal-infrared (TIR) band (10.40 to 12.50μm), using mono-window algorithm. The ecological evaluation was made using an Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI), which quantitatively evaluated the UHI effects on the quality of urban life. The accuracy of the model was assessed against theoretical relationships between the LST, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The LST of Chicago ranges from 18^oC in Urban Cool Islands (UCI) to 44^oC in UHI. In Chicago, although the cooling effects of Lake Michigan, downtown’s sky-high buildings, and urban parks and green spaces have worked together to suppress the concerns of UHI effects locally, still some areas experience a high UHI. In general, 25% of the city experiences ecologically bad or worse UHI effects, indicating a need for continued UHI mitigation efforts.

Keywords:
Urban Heat Island (UHI) Ecological Evaluation of UHI Effects Land surface temperature (LST) Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) Thermal Remote Sensing Chicago Illinois

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