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International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research. 2016, 4(4), 62-67
DOI: 10.12691/ijdsr-4-4-1
Open AccessReview Article

Epigenetic Role of Onco-miRs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clue to Modern Medicine

Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan1, , Smiline Girija2 and Paramasivam Arumugam3

1Scientist-III, Central Research laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai-600095, India

2Reader, Department of Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Meenakshi University, Madhuravoyal, Chennai – 600 095, Tamilnadu, India

3Post doctoral research associate, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal road, Hyderabad-500007, Telangana, India

Pub. Date: June 12, 2016
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Cite this paper:
Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan, Smiline Girija and Paramasivam Arumugam. Epigenetic Role of Onco-miRs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Clue to Modern Medicine. International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research. 2016; 4(4):62-67. doi: 10.12691/ijdsr-4-4-1

Abstract

Epigenetics has marked the beginning of a new era in the field of Genetics and Genomics. It can unravel mysteries about the intricate mechanisms underlying the process of development, differentiation and maturation of cells. Epigenetics may be considered as an “epicentre” of modern personalized medicine because of its influence over phenotypes which is driven by factors like nutrition, environment, exposure to toxic chemicals, etc. These risk factors are known to bring about a permanent change in the epigenetic profile of an individual. Thus, the epigenetic landscape defines the disease presentation and progression with a great precision. Oral cancer is one of the major causes for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of gene expression due to chromosomal aberrations have been extensively reported in the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recently, in addition to genetic processes, epigenetic mechanisms have also been shown to play a central role in the development and progression of disease. Exhaustive investigations in the field of cancer biology employing innovative technologies have led to the identification of biomarkers that are useful in characterizing oral cancers. miRNAs are regulatory elements which could exhibit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activity depending upon the cell type and its biological environment. Upregulation of miRNAs have been implicated in the tumor progression and invasion in OSCC. This review, will present a comprehensive note on the epigenetic role of Onco-miRs in the etiology of OSCC. A prelude on these onco-miRs as diagnostic markers and a potential target for treatment of OSCC will also be discussed briefly.

Keywords:
Epigenetics miRNA oral cancer oncogenes 3'-UTR

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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