International Journal of Celiac Disease
ISSN (Print): 2334-3427 ISSN (Online): 2334-3486 Website: https://www.sciepub.com/journal/ijcd Editor-in-chief: Samasca Gabriel
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International Journal of Celiac Disease. 2020, 8(1), 10-21
DOI: 10.12691/ijcd-8-1-3
Open AccessArticle

Bovine Milk Proteins as a Trigger for Autoimmune Diseases: Myth or Reality?

Vânia Vieira Borba1, 2, Aaron Lerner3, , Torsten Matthias3 and Yehuda Shoenfeld4, 5

1Department ‘A’ of Internal Medicine, Coimbra University Hospital Centre, Coimbra, Portugal

2Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel

3Aesku.KIPP Institute, Wendelsheim, Germany

4Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel

5ackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Pub. Date: April 27, 2020

Cite this paper:
Vânia Vieira Borba, Aaron Lerner, Torsten Matthias and Yehuda Shoenfeld. Bovine Milk Proteins as a Trigger for Autoimmune Diseases: Myth or Reality?. International Journal of Celiac Disease. 2020; 8(1):10-21. doi: 10.12691/ijcd-8-1-3

Abstract

Humans started to drinkmammal’s milk 11,000 years ago. Nowadays, cow, goat and sheep milks account for about 87% of the world milk production. The high incidence of allergies to cow’s milk components and autoimmune diseases is rising in the Western industrialized countries, where milk is a major dietary component, especially in processed foods. When allergenic milk proteins face immature and susceptible immune system in children it might represent a threat for future health. Several studies support strong evidences that exposure to dietary allergens during childhood can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, neuropsychiatric disorders, among others. The "Mosaic of Autoimmunity" elucidates the diversity and multifactorial origin of autoimmune disease expression in humans. Growing evidence suggests a large overlap between oral tolerance, food antigens and autoimmune diseases. Assorted mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the connection between these entities, mainly involving molecular mimicry, shared epitopes, cross-reactivity phenomena, enhanced hosts gut permeability, change in microbiome/ dysbiome ratio and even involving Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Nowadays, different kinds of milk and dairy products are being evaluated for a potential benefit in human health. Likewise, milk derived nutraceutical products, such as bovine colostrum, claim many clinical advantages especially for its immune modulatory capabilities. The aim of this review is to explore the impact of cow’s milk protein son human health, emphasizing its relationship with immune mediated and autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
milk autoimmune diseases autoimmunity food allergy immune tolerance type 1 diabetes rheumatoid arthritis multiple sclerosis

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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