Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using CCME Water Quality Index in the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Area, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Md. Galal Uddin^1, , Md. Moniruzzaman² and Mala Khan¹

¹Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh

²Department of Geography and Environment, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Cite this paper:
Md. Galal Uddin, Md. Moniruzzaman and Mala Khan. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Using CCME Water Quality Index in the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Area, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2017; 5(2):33-43. doi: 10.12691/env-5-2-2

Abstract

Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the most powerful and effective tools for analyzing overall characteristics of water quality any reservoirs, its way to transfer information on water quality trends to policy makers and the general public is with Indices. Our objective was to evaluate ground water quality in the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) area, Pabna, Bangladesh using a Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) WQI. WQI represent a clear scenario about the usability of the water for different purposes. Water quality indices are useful for concise information in order to achieve a national perspective. Attempts have been made to review the WQI criteria for the appropriateness of drinking water sources. Till now any methodology is not developed for evaluation of water quality index purposes in Bangladesh. At the very recent a few researcher try to use WQI method for giving WQ rating in Bangladesh. But, has no specific guideline for indexing water resources. This study to explore a potential WQ indexing method which applies easily and measure overall WQ for managing purposes. Besides, the present article also highlights and draws attention towards the development of a new and globally accepted “Water Quality Index” in a simplified format, which may be used at large and could represent the reliable picture of water quality. In the present paper, water quality index (WQI) was estimated for the groundwater of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant area within the study period. The study also identifies the critical pollutants affecting the groundwater quality during the study period. The indices have been computed for the winter season at 17 locations, namely GW1, GW2, GW3 etc. It was found that the water quality ranged from poor to marginal category at all locations. Alkalinity, Conductivity, BOD, DO, Iron, Arsenic, Lead, Nitrite and fecal coliforms were found to be critical parameters.

Keywords:
CCME WQI 1.0 RNPP water quality index groundwater arsenic fecal coliform

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Aydin, A., “The Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in West Thrace”, Turkey. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 16, (3), 377, 2007.
[2]	Abbasi, T. and Abbasi, S.A., “Water quality indices”. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2012.
[3]	American Public Health Association (APHA, 1998), and Water Pollution Control Federation, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water 20th ed, Washington D., C., 19987.
[4]	Bhargava, D., S., “Use of water quality index for river classification and zoning of Ganga River”, Environ. Pollut. Ser. B., England. 6(1), 51-67, 1983.
[5]	Bangladesh Bureau of statistics and UNICEF. “Bangladesh National Drinking Water Quality Survey of 2009”. Dhaka: Planning Division, Ministry of Planning. 2009.
[6]	CCME, “Canadian environmental quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life, CCME water quality index”. Technical report. 1.0. 2001.
[7]	CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: CCME Water Quality Index 1.0, User’s Manual. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg, 2001.
[8]	Dunn G., W., “Trends in water quality variables at the Alberta/Saskatchewan Boundary”. Prepared For The Committee On Water Quality. 1995.
[9]	EQS (Environmental Quality Standard).Bangladesh Gazette, Registered. Department of Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh. 1997.
[10]	Horton, R.K., “An index number system for rating water quality”, J. Water Pollu. Cont. Fed., 37(3). 300-305. 1965.
[11]	Michalik, A., “The Use of Chemical and Cluster Analysis for Studying Spring Water Quality in Świętokrzyski National Park”. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 17, (3), 357, 2008.
[12]	Lumb, A., Halliwell, D. and Sharma, T., “Application of CCME water quality index to monitor water quality: a case of the Mackenzie river basin, Canada”. Environ. Monit. Assess. 113. 411-429. 2006.
[13]	Nass, S., Bayram, A., Nas, E., Bulut, V., N., “Effects of Some Water Quality Parameters on the Dissolved Oxygen Balance of Streams”, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 17, (4), 531, 2008.
[14]	Said, A., Stevens, D., K., and Sehlke, G., “An innovative index for evaluating water quality in streams”. Environ. Assess. 34(3), 406-414, 2004.
[15]	Ongley, E., “Modernization of water quality programs in developing countries: issues of relevancy and cost efficiency”. Water Qual. Int. 3(4), 37-42, 1998.
[16]	Ongley, E.,D., Booty W.G., “Pollution remediation planning in developing countries: Conventional modelling versus knowledge based prediction”. Water Int., 24, 31-38, 1999.
[17]	Poonam, T., Tanushree, B., and Sukalyan, C., “Water Quality Indices- Important Toolsfor Water Quality Assessment: A Review”. International Journal of Advances in Chemistry. 1(1), 15-29, 2015.
[18]	Tyagi, S., Sharma, B., Singh,P., and Dobhal, R., “Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index”. American Journal of Water Resources. 1(3), 34-38, 2013.
[19]	Bordalo, A., A, Nilsumranchit, W., and Chalermwat, K., “Water quality and uses of the Bangpakong River (Eastern Thailand)”. Water Res. 35(15), 3635-3642, 2001.
[20]	Kannel, P., R., Lee, S., Lee, Y.,S., Kanel, S.,R., and Khan, S., P., “Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for riverwater classification and urban impact assessment. Environ Monit Assess”. 132, 93-110, 2007.
[21]	Uddin, M., G., Moniruzzaman, Hoque, M., A., A., Hasan, M., A., and Khan, M., “Seasonal Variation of Physicochemical Properties of Water in the Buriganga River, Bangladesh”. World Applied Sciences Journal, 34(1), 24-34, 2016.
[22]	Damo, R., and Icka, P.,“Evaluation of water quality index for drinking water. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies”. 22(4), 1045-1051, 2013.
[23]	Gupta, P., Vishwakarma, M., Rawtanip, M.,. “Assessment of water quality parameters of Kerwa Dam for drinking suitability”. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences. 1(2), 53, 2009.
[24]	Nduka, J., K., Orisakwe, O., E., Ezenweke, L., O., “Some physicochemical parameters of potable water supply in Warri. Niger Delta area of Nigeria”. Scientific Research and Essay, 3, (11), 547, 2008.
[25]	Michalski, R., Kurzyca, I., “Determination of Nitrogen Species (Nitrate, Nitrite and Ammonia Ions) in Environmental Samples by Ion Chromatography”. Pol. J.Environ. Stud., 15, (1), 5, 2006.
[26]	Sutadian, A., D., Muttil, N., Yilmaz, A., G., and Perera, B., J., C., “Development of river water quality indices—a review”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 188(58), 2-29, 2016.
[27]	Yogendra, K., Puttaiah, E., T., “Determination of Water Quality Index and Suitability of an Urban Water body in Shimoga Town, Karnataka” The 12th World Lake Conference, Sengupta, M., and Dalwani, R., 342-346, 2008.
[28]	Sharma, D., Kansal, A., “Water quality analysis of River Yamuna using water quality index in the national capital territory, India (2000-2009)”. Appl Water Sci. 1,147-157, 2011.
[29]	Rocchini, R, Swain, L., G., “The British Columbia water quality index. Water Quality Branch, EP Department, B.C”. Ministry of Environment, Land and Park, Victoria, 1995.
[30]	Liou, S., M., Lo, S., L., and Wang, S., H., “A generalized water quality index for Taiwan”. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 96(1-3), 35-52, 2004.
[31]	Maiti, S.,K., Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies Vol 1: Water and Wastewater Analysis”. (2nd ed.). ABD Publishers, Rajsthan , India, 2004, 26-57.
[32]	Hossain, F., R., Afrin, M., Y., Mia, M., A., Akbor, and Ahsan, M., A., “Investigation of Chemical Parameters and Major Anions of Two Selected Aquaculture Ponds at Santosh Region, Tangail, Bangladesh”. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(2): 89-92, 2014.
[33]	Ahmed, S., S., “Assessment of Groundwater Quality Parameters Using Multivariate Statistics-A Case Study of Majmaah”, KSA. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(2): 32-40, 2017.
[34]	Reza, R., Singh, G., “Assessment of Ground Water Quality Status by Using Water Quality Index Method in Orissa, India”. World Applied Sciences Journal. 9, (12), 1392, 2010.
[35]	Bharti, N., and Katyal, D., “Water quality indices used for surface water vulnerability assessment”, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2(1). 154-173, 2011.
[36]	EPA (Environment Protection Agency), “parameters of water quality Interpretation and Standards”. Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland.24-112, 2001.
[37]	Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition, World Health Organization, 2012.
[38]	Kumari, B., L., Sudhakar, P., Hanuma S., M., Satya, S., K., P., N., V., Analysis of Physico-chemical parameters of water quality in and around Saltpans of Prakasam (Dt.) A.P, Journal of Ecobiotechnology. 3, (10), 01, 2011.
[39]	WHO. “Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality”. 4th ed.. World Health Organization. Geneva. 396-407, 2011.
[40]	Purves, D., “Trace-Element Contaminants. In Massachusetts, S (Ed), Fundamental Aspects of Pollution Control and Environmental Science”. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. New York, 7-150, 1985.
[41]	Wikipediaorg. 2017. Wikipediaorg. [Online]. [18 April 2017]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishwardi_Upazila
[42]	Terrado, M., Barceló, D., Tauler, R., Borrell, E., Campos, S. D., and Barceló, D., (2010). Surface-water-quality indices for the analysis of data generated by automated sampling networks. TrAC, Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 29(1), 40–52, 2010.
[43]	Mostafaei, A., “Application of multivariate statistical methods and water quality index to evaluation of water quality in the Kashkan River”. Environmental Management, 53(4), 865-881, 2014.
[44]	Khan, A., A., Paterson, R., and Khan, H., “Modification and application of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for the communication of drinking water quality in Newfoundland and Labrador”. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 39(3), 285-293, 2004.
[45]	Smith, D. G., “A better water quality indexing system for rivers and streams”. Water Research, 24(10), 1237-1244, 1990.
[46]	Siasar,H., Tolouei, B., “Ground water quality assessment of Iranshahr for use in urban areas”, Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences .6 (3), 530-534, 2015.
[47]	Chapman, D. (UNESCO, WHO, and UNEP). Water quality assessment. London: Chapman & Hall. 1992.
[48]	Venkatramanan, S., Chunga, S., Y., Ramkumar, T., Rajesh, R., Gnanachandrasamy, G., “Assessment of groundwater quality using GIS and CCME WQI techniques: a case study of Thiruthuraipoondi city in Cauvery deltaic region, Tamil Nadu, India”. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, 12058-12073, 2016.
[49]	Hossein Banejad, H., Olyaie, E., “Application of an Artificial Neural Network Model to Rivers Water Quality Indexes Prediction – A Case Study” Journal of American Science. 7(1), 60-65, 2011.
[50]	Phadatare, S., S., Gawande, S., “Review Paper on Development of Water Quality Index”. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology. 5(5), 765-767, 2016.