Utilization of Water Treatment Plant Sludge and Coal Fly Ash in Brick Manufacturing

Denise Alves Fungaro^1, and Mauro Valério da Silva¹

¹Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN–CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Cite this paper:
Denise Alves Fungaro and Mauro Valério da Silva. Utilization of Water Treatment Plant Sludge and Coal Fly Ash in Brick Manufacturing. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014; 2(5):83-88. doi: 10.12691/env-2-5-2

Abstract

Sludge from a treatment water Brazilian plant station is, frequently, disposed and launched directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, fly ash is produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. An efficient disposal of coal fly ash is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical possibilities of incorporating cyclone fly ash (CFA) and sludge from a waste water treatment plant (SWTP) in the production of ecological bricks. The wastes were analyzed for physico-chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties. Various mixtures were prepared by incorporating these industrial wastes in brick production. The effects of wastes incorporation on physical properties such as compressive strength and water absorption have been determined. The best result, in terms of compression strength and water absorption, was reached by the series of bricks produced with 60 % soil, 12 % cement, 8 % coal fly ash and 20 % SWTP by weight. The results showed that SWTP and CFA presented a potential to be used as waste additives in the production of soil-cement bricks.

Keywords:
ecological brick waterworks sludge coal fly ash soil-cement brick soil-lime brick

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Richter, C.A. Tratamento de Água: Tecnologia Atualizada, 2nd ed., São Paulo: Edgard Blücher, 1991.
[2]	Davis, M.L., and Cornwell, D.A. Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[3]	Di Bernardo, L., Dantas, A.D.B. Métodos e Técnicas de Tratamento de Água, 2nd ed., São Carlos: Rima, 2005.
[4]	Teixeira, S.R.; Souza, N.R. Aléssio, G.T.A. “Efeito da adição de lodo de estação de tratamento de água (ETA) nas propriedades de material cerâmico estrutural”, Cerâmica, 52, 215-220, 2006.
[5]	Prakhar, P.E., Arup, K.S. Donnan Membrane Process: Principles & Application in Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment Plant Residuals, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1998.
[6]	Mohammed, O. R, Hanan, A. F., Ahmed M. H. “Reuse of water treatment plant sludge in brick manufacturing”, Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4, 1223-1229, 2008.
[7]	Oliveira, E.M.S., Sampaio, V.G., Holanda, J.N.F. “Evaluation of the Suitability of Municipal Waterworks Waste as a Raw Material for Red Ceramic Brick Production”, Industrial Ceramics, 26, 23-28, 2006.
[8]	Oliveira, E.M.S., Sampaio, V.G., Holanda, J.N.F. “Effectof Waterworks Waste Addition on Densification and Properties of Clay Ceramics”, Industrial Ceramics, 27, 1-7, 2007.
[9]	Porras, A.C., Isaac, R.L., Morita, D. “Incorporação doLodo de Estação de Tratamento de Água e Agregado Reciclado do Resíduo da Construção Civil em Elementosde Alvenaria – Tijolos Estabilizados com Cimento”, Ciência y Engenieria Neograndina 18, 5-28, 2008.
[10]	SILVA, M.R. “Incorporação de Lodo e Estação de tratamento de Água (ETAs) em Tijolo de Solo-Cimento como Forma de Minimização de Impactos Ambientais,” Master Dissertation, Faculdade de Aracruz, E. S., 2009.
[11]	Rodrigues, L.P., Holanda, J.N.F. “Characterization of Waterworks Waste for Use in Soil-Cement Bricks”, Advances in Ceramic Science and Engineering (ACSE), 2, 135-140, 2013.
[12]	Depoi, F.S.; Pozebon, D.; Kalkreuth, W.D. “Chemical characterization of feed coals and combustion-by-products from Brazilian power plants,” International Journal of Coal Geology, 76, 227-236, 2008.
[13]	Quispe, D., Perez-Lopez, R., Silva, L. F., Nieto, J.M. “Changes in mobility of hazardous elements during coal combustion in Santa Catarina power plant (Brazil)”, Fuel, 94, 495-503, 2012.
[14]	Fungaro, D. A.; Izidoro, J. C.; SANTOS, F. S.; WANG, S. Coal Fly Ash from Brazilian Power Plants: Chemical and Physical Properties and Leaching Characteristics, In: Fly Ash: Chemical Composition, Sources and Potential Environmental Impacts, Ed P. K. Sarker, Novapublishers, 2013.
[15]	Shanthakumar, S., Singh, D.N., Phadke, R.C. “Flue gas conditioning for reducing suspended part culat e matter from thermal power stations,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 685-695, 2008.
[16]	Ahmaruzzaman, M. “A review on the utilization of fly ash”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36, 327-363, 2010.
[17]	ABNT, Brazilian Standard NBR 10832, “Manufacture of solid brick soil-cement with the use of manual presses,” 1992.
[18]	ABNT, Brazilian Standard NBR 10834, “Hollow Soil-cement block without structural function,” 1994.
[19]	ABNT, Brazilian Standard NBR 10836, “Soil-Cement Bricks: Determination of Compressive Strength and Water Absorption,” 1994.
[20]	Izidoro, J.C., Fungaro, D.A., Santos, F.S., WANG, S. “Characteristics of Brazilian coal fly ashes and their synthesized zeolites”, Fuel Processing Technology, 97, 38-44, 2012.
[21]	Sotero-Santos, R.B., Rocha, O. and Povinelli, J., “Evaluation of water treatment sludge toxicity using the Daphnia bioassay,” Water Research, 39, 3909-3917, 2005
[22]	Santos, P.S. Clays Science and Technology, 2nd ed., São Paulo: Edgard Blücher, 1989.
[23]	Haq, A., Iqbal, Y., Khan, M.R. “Phase and Microstructural Characterization of Kaolin Clays from North Western Pakistan,” Journal of The Pakistan Materials Society, 3, 77-90, 2009.
[24]	Tettamanti M, Lasagni M, Collina E, Sancassani M, Pitea D, Fermo P, Cariati F. “Thermal oxidation kinetics and mechanism of sludge from a wastewater treatment plant”, Environmental Science & Technology, 35, 3981-3987, 2001.
[25]	Awab, H., Paramalinggam, P.T.T., Yusof, A.R.M. “Characterization of Alum Sludge for Reuse and Disposal,” Malaysian Journal of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, 8, 209-213, 2012.