Pb(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Peel: Kinetic, Equilibrium & Thermodynamic Study

Ruchi Pandey^{1, 2}, Nasreen Ghazi Ansari¹, Ram Lakhan Prasad² and Ramesh Chandra Murthy^1,

¹Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 80- M.G. Road, Lucknow, India

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Cite this paper:
Ruchi Pandey, Nasreen Ghazi Ansari, Ram Lakhan Prasad and Ramesh Chandra Murthy. Pb(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Peel: Kinetic, Equilibrium & Thermodynamic Study. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2014; 2(3):51-58. doi: 10.12691/env-2-3-1

Abstract

Cucumis sativus peel (CSP), was investigated as a new adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution under several varying conditions such as pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. Maximum metal sorption was found to occur at initial pH 5.0. The adsorption capacity of CSP was found to be 28.25mg/g for initial Pb(II) concentration of 25 mg/l at 25°C. The equilibrium data best fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Batch adsorption models, based on the assumption of the pseudo first-order and pseudo second order mechanism were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption. The results showed that kinetic data were followed pseudo second-order model than the pseudo first-order equation. With no loss in the Pb(II) ion removal efficiency, CSP could be regenerated using 1M HNO₃ during repeated sorption–desorption cycles and showed recovery of 93.5% for 25mg/l of Pb(II) ion concentration. Comprehensive characterization parameters using FTIR, and SEM were recorded before and after adsorption to explore the number and position of the functional groups available for Pb(II) binding onto adsorbent and changes in surface morphology of the adsorbent.

Keywords:
Cucumis sativus adsorption equilibrium kinetic sorption-desorption recovery FTIR SEM.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Y.S. Ho, C.C. Wang, Pseudo-isotherms for the sorption of cadmium ion onto tree fern, Process Biochemistry, 39 (2004) 761-765.
[2]	A. Demirbas, Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review, Journal of hazardous materials, 157 (2008) 220-229.
[3]	D. Sud, G. Mahajan, M.P. Kaur, Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions - a review, Bioresource technology, 99 (2008) 6017-6027.
[4]	S.S. Ahluwalia, D. Goyal, Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater, Bioresource technology, 98 (2007) 2243-2257.
[5]	G. Vazquez, J. Gonzalez-Alvarez, S. Freire, M. Lopez-Lorenzo, G. Antorrena, Removal of cadmium and mercury ions from aqueous solution by sorption on treated Pinus pinaster bark: kinetics and isotherms, Bioresource technology, 82 (2002) 247-251.
[6]	M.D. Rodriguez, A. Redondo, M.J. Villanueva, Study of dietary fibre content in cucumber by gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods, Food Chemistry, 43 (1992) 295-298.
[7]	R. Pandey, N.G. Ansari, R.C. Murthy, R.L. Prasad, Cd(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Cucumis sativus Peel: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study, Journal of Ecophysiology & Occupational Health, 13 (2013), 75-84.
[8]	M. Bansal, U. Garg, D. Singh, V.K. Garg, Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using pre-consumer processing agricultural waste: a case study of rice husk, Journal of hazardous materials, 162 (2009) 312-320.
[9]	V. Vadivelan, K.V. Kumar, Equilibrium, kinetics, mechanism, and process design for the sorption of methylene blue onto rice husk, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 286 (2005) 90-100.
[10]	A. Sari, M. Tuzen, Kinetic and equilibrium studies of biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by macrofungus (Amanita rubescens) biomass, Journal of hazardous materials, 164 (2009) 1004-1011.
[11]	J.L. Gardea-Torresdey, J.H. Gonzalez, K.J. Tiemann, O. Rodriguez, G. Gamez, Phytofiltration of hazardous cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc ions by biomass of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa), Journal of hazardous materials, 57 (1998) 29-39.
[12]	X.J. Wang, S.Q. Xia, L. Chen, J.F. Zhao, J.M. Chovelon, J.R. Nicole, Biosorption of cadmium(II) and lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge, Journal of environmental sciences, 18 (2006) 840-844.
[13]	C. Namasivayam, D. Prabha, M. Kumutha, Removal of direct red and acid brilliant blue by adsorption on to banana pith, Bioresource technology, 64 (1998) 77-79.
[14]	M.E. Argun, S. Dursun, C. Ozdemir, M. Karatas, Heavy metal adsorption by modified oak sawdust: thermodynamics and kinetics, Journal of hazardous materials, 141 (2007) 77-85.
[15]	M. Moyo, L. Chikazaza, B.C. Nyamunda, U. Guyo, Adsorption Batch Studies on the Removal of Pb(II) Using Maize Tassel Based Activated Carbon, Journal of Chemistry, 2013 (2013) 8.
[16]	O. Altın, H.Ö. Özbelge, T. Doğu, Use of General Purpose Adsorption Isotherms for Heavy Metal–Clay Mineral Interactions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 198 (1998) 130-140.
[17]	A. Adeogun, M. Idowu, A. Ofudje, S. Kareem, S. Ahmed, Comparative biosorption of Mn(II) and Pb(II) ions on raw and oxalic acid modified maize husk: kinetic, thermodynamic and isothermal studies, Appl Water Sci, 3 (2013) 167-179.
[18]	V.K. Gupta, I. Ali, Removal of lead and chromium from wastewater using bagasse fly ash--a sugar industry waste, J Colloid Interface Sci, 271 (2004) 321-328.
[19]	T.G. Chuah, A. Jumasiah, I. Azni, S. Katayon, S.Y. Thomas Choong, Rice husk as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for heavy metal and dye removal: an overview, Desalination, 175 (2005) 305-316.
[20]	S.S. Ahluwalia, D. Goyal, Removal of Heavy Metals by Waste Tea Leaves from Aqueous Solution, Engineering in Life Sciences, 5 (2005) 158-162.
[21]	M.M. Rao, D.K. Ramana, K. Seshaiah, M.C. Wang, S.W. Chien, Removal of some metal ions by activated carbon prepared from Phaseolus aureus hulls, Journal of hazardous materials, 166 (2009) 1006-1013.
[22]	E. Pehlivan, T. Altun, S. Parlayici, Utilization of barley straws as biosorbents for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions, Journal of hazardous materials, 164 (2009) 982-986.
[23]	H.Z. Mousavi, A. Hosseynifar, V. Jahed, S.A.M. Dehghani, Removal of lead from aqueous solution using waste tire rubber ash as an adsorbent, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 27 (2010) 79-87.
[24]	R. Pandey, R.L. Prasad, N.G. Ansari, R.C. Murthy, Utilization of NaOH modified Desmostachya bipinnata (Kush grass) leaves and Bambusa arundinacea (bamboo) leaves for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.
[25]	H.K. Boparai, M. Joseph, D.M. O'Carroll, Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nano zerovalent iron particles, Journal of hazardous materials, 186 (2011) 458-465.
[26]	Z.A. Al-Anber, M.A. Matouq, Batch adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by means of olive cake, Journal of hazardous materials, 151 (2008) 194-201.
[27]	Z. Aksu, İ.A. İşoğlu, Removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption onto agricultural waste sugar beet pulp, Process Biochemistry, 40 (2005) 3031-3044.
[28]	Z.Y. Yao, J.H. Qi, L.H. Wang, Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the biosorption of Cu(II) onto chestnut shell, Journal of hazardous materials, 174 (2010) 137-143.
[29]	R. Donat, A. Akdogan, E. Erdem, H. Cetisli, Thermodynamics of Pb2+ and Ni2+ adsorption onto natural bentonite from aqueous solutions, J Colloid Interface Sci, 286 (2005) 43-52.
[30]	A. Mittal, L. Krishnan, V.K. Gupta, Removal and recovery of malachite green from wastewater using an agricultural waste material, de-oiled soya, Separation and Purification Technology, 43 (2005) 125-133.
[31]	C. Namasivayam, R.T. Yamuna, Adsorption of chromium (VI) by a low-cost adsorbent: Biogas residual slurry, Chemosphere, 30 (1995) 561-578.
[32]	Y.S. Ho, G. McKay, Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes, Process Biochemistry, 34 (1999) 451-465.
[33]	A. Özer, G. Gürbüz, A. Çalimli, B.K. Körbahti, Biosorption of copper(II) ions on Enteromorpha prolifera: Application of response surface methodology (RSM), Chemical Engineering Journal, 146 (2009) 377-387.
[34]	G. McKay, The Adsorption of basic dye onto silica from aqueous solution-solid diffusion model, Chemical Engineering Science, 39 (1984) 129-138.
[35]	S. Figaro, J.P. Avril, F. Brouers, A. Ouensanga, S. Gaspard, Adsorption studies of molasse's wastewaters on activated carbon: modelling with a new fractal kinetic equation and evaluation of kinetic models, Journal of hazardous materials, 161 (2009) 649-656.
[36]	E. Pehlivan, T. Altun, S. Cetin, M. Iqbal Bhanger, Lead sorption by waste biomass of hazelnut and almond shell, Journal of hazardous materials, 167 (2009) 1203-1208.
[37]	M.H. Kamal, W.M. Azira, M. Kasmawati, Z. Haslizaidi, W.N. Saime, Sequestration of toxic Pb(II) ions by chemically treated rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder, Journal of environmental sciences, 22 (2010) 248-256.
[38]	A. Jahn, M.W. Schroder, M. Futing, K. Schenzel, W. Diepenbrock, Characterization of alkali treated flax fibres by means of FT Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy, 58 (2002) 2271-2279.