The Elemental Composition of Valves and Appendages in Seven Ostracod Strains from the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: Baseline

Miguel Hernández-Pedraza¹, Jesús Alvarado-Flores^2, , Marcelo Silva-Briano³, Araceli Adabache-Ortiz³ and Roberto Rico-Martínez^1,

¹Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Ags

²Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Calle 8, No 39, Mz 29, Sm 64, C.P. 77524, Cancún, Quintana Roo

³Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100, Aguascalientes, Ags

Cite this paper:
Miguel Hernández-Pedraza, Jesús Alvarado-Flores, Marcelo Silva-Briano, Araceli Adabache-Ortiz and Roberto Rico-Martínez. The Elemental Composition of Valves and Appendages in Seven Ostracod Strains from the Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: Baseline. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2024; 12(2):21-30. doi: 10.12691/env-12-2-2

Abstract

The elemental composition of biological structures in ostracods cultured under standard conditions is a biological reference material and a baseline to study bioaccumulation due to exposure to inorganic compounds in laboratory experiments or samples collected from the environment in ostracods. Ostracods are used as paleoclimatic, and paleo-evolutionary study models, and are sentinels of climatic change and anthropogenic pollution. The main goal was to collect ostracods from the Yucatan peninsula and culture them in the laboratory under standard conditions to establish the elemental composition. Seven strains of ostracods of three species Cypridopsis cf. vidua (OF Müller), Diaphanocypris meridiana (Furtos), Heterocypris cf. incongruens (Ramdohr), were collected using a Wisconsin-type plankton net of 54 µm of mesh opening. We use EPA medium (NaHCO3, CaSO4•H2O, MgSO4•7H2O, and KCl) pH 7.5, and a hardness range of 80-100 CaCO3 mg L-1 to culture the ostracods, which were kept in a bioclimatic chamber with 25 + 2 oC and a photoperiod of 16:8 h light: darkness. Ostracods were fed commercial lettuce Lactuca sativa. A two-month acclimation period was enforced after which ostracod specimens were identified to genera and fixed with 5% formaldehyde. These samples were processed and photographed with the Scanning Electron Microscope with which the elemental analysis using X-ray diffraction was performed in valves and appendages. Our results indicate that most of the elemental Ca are in the valves (41% of total dry weight) when compared to appendages (4%). A total of twelve elements were found in valves and appendages: Al, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Mg, Na, O, and Si. Ostracods are excellent bioindicators of inorganic elements for the study of environmental contamination.

Keywords:
Bioaccumulation Environmental Toxicology Exploratory Strategies Metal Toxicity Zooplankton

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