Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil

M. Rakib Uddin^, , Kaniz Ferdous, M. Rahim Uddin, Maksudur R. Khan and M. A. Islam

Cite this paper:
M. Rakib Uddin, Kaniz Ferdous, M. Rahim Uddin, Maksudur R. Khan and M. A. Islam. Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil. Chemical Engineering and Science. 2013; 1(2):22-26. doi: 10.12691/ces-1-2-2

Abstract

In the present study biodiesel was synthesized from Waste Cook Oil (WCO) by three-step method and regressive analyzes of the process was done. The raw oil, containing 1.9wt% Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and viscosity was 47.6mm²/s. WCO was collected from local restaurant of Sylhet city in Bangladesh. Transesterification method gives lower yield than three-step method. In the three-step method, the first step is saponification of the oil followed by acidification to produce FFA and finally esterification of FFA to produce biodiesel. In the saponification reaction, various reaction parameters such as oil to sodium hydroxide molar ratio and reaction time were optimized and the oil to NaOH molar ratio was 1:2, In the esterification reaction, the reaction parameters such as methanol to FFA molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were optimized. Silica gel was used during esterification reaction to adsorb water produced in the reaction. Hence the reaction rate was increased and finally the FFA was reduced to 0.52wt%. A factorial design was studied for esterification reaction based on yield of biodiesel. Finally various properties of biodiesel such as FFA, viscosity, specific gravity, cetane index, pour point, flash point etc. were measured and compared with biodiesel and petro-diesel standard. The reaction yield was 79%.

Keywords:
saponification acidification esterification factorial design biodiesel

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	Xie, Wenlei, and Li, Haitao, “Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil,” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 255, 1-9, May.2006.
[2]	Lin, Cherng-Yuan, Lin, Hsiu-An and Hung, Lang-Bang, “Fuel structure and properties of biodiesel produced by the peroxidation process,” Fuel, 85, 1743-1749, 2006.
[3]	Liu, Xuejun, He, Huayang, Wang, Yujun and Zhu, Shenlin, “Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a solid base catalyst,” Catalysis Communications, 8, 1107-1111, 2007.
[4]	Tanja, Cerce, Siegfried, Peter and Weidner Eckhard. “Biodiesel-Transesterification of Biological Oils with Liquid Catalysts: Thermodynamic Properties of Oil-Methanol-Amine Mixtures,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 40, 9535-9541, 2005.
[5]	Mustafa B., “Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production – a review of current work,” Energy Conversion and Management, 52(2), 1479-1492, 2011.
[6]	Arjun B.C., Martin, S.T., Suzanne, M.B., Chris, K.W. and Rafiqul, M.I., “Non-edible plant oils as new sources for biodiesel production,” International Journal of Molecular Science, 9(2), 169-180, 2008.
[7]	http://www.eoearth.org/article, 2010/04/05.
[8]	Zheng, S., Kates, M., Dube, M.A. and McLean, D.D., “Acid-catalyzed production of biodiesel from waste frying oil,” Biomass & Bioenergy, 30, 267-272, Jan.2006.
[9]	Meher, L.C., Sagar,Vidya D.Nnik, S.N., “Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - a review,” Renewable and sustainable Energy Review, 10, 248-268, 2006.
[10]	De, B.K. and Bhattacharyya, Biodiesel from minor vegetable oils like karanja oil and nahor oil, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, 404-406. 1999.
[11]	Zullaikah, Siti, Lai, Chao-Chin, Vali, Shaik, Ramjan and Ju, Yi-Hsu, “A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil,” Bioresource Technology, 96, 1889–1896, 2005.
[12]	Morshed, Mahbub, Ferdous, Kaniz, Khan, Maksudur R, Mazumder, M.S.I, Islam, M.A. and Uddin, Md.T., “Rubber seed oil as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh,” Fuel, 90, 2981-2986, Jun.2011.
[13]	Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J.F. and Rodrıguez-Reinares, Antonio, “Biodiesel from Used Frying Oil.Variables Affecting the Yields and Characteristics of the Biodiesel,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44, 5491-5499, 2005.
[14]	Jeffery, G.H, Bassett, J, Mendham, J. and Denney, R.C., “Vogel’s textbook of quantitative chemical analysis,” 5th edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, UK, 308-309. 1991.
[15]	Joshi, R.M. and Pegg, M.J. “Flow properties of biodiesel fuel blends at low temperatures,” Fuel, 86, 143-151, 2007.