Statistical Analysis of the Level of Related Water Diseases Associated with Groundwater Drinking Sources on Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria

Maryann Ogoamaka Ezugwu^1, , Joshua Ebong Eyibio¹ and Fredrick W. Ngubi²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Gen. A.A. College of Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

²Department of Chemical Engineering, Gen. A.A. College of Engineering, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
Maryann Ogoamaka Ezugwu, Joshua Ebong Eyibio and Fredrick W. Ngubi. Statistical Analysis of the Level of Related Water Diseases Associated with Groundwater Drinking Sources on Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria. American Journal of Water Resources. 2026; 14(2):32-37. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-14-2-1

Abstract

Comparative studies of water-related diseases and the quality of borehole drinking water sources in Okada town were conducted. This is to ascertain the level of water-related disease outbreaks associated with the quality of drinking borehole water sources in Okada residents to prevent an epidemic of waterborne diseases. Primary data on water-related diseases treated at the Teaching Hospital of Igbinedion University (IUTH) and the Parent Consultative Forum (PCF) clinics, both in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria, were obtained for a period of four years from 2019 to 2022. Secondary data of 25 borehole drinking water quality variables in Okada were obtained from published journals. A statistical data package in Excel was used to collate the obtained results. Results of thirty-one (31) borehole water quality variables from published journals were also collated. Twenty–seven (27) of the water quality parameters are within the threshold value recommended for drinking purposes, while 4 of the variables exceeded the recommended value for drinking purposes. The related water diseases treated in the clinics include malaria, gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, scabies, hypertension, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, and meningitis. Malaria recorded the highest frequency of cases, about 1629. Annual related water disease cases within the study area are estimated at 600, with an average annual population of 174197. Statistical analysis of the population for the cases of water-related diseases showed that 0.34% of the population was affected. This revealed that the level of water-related diseases may not be associated with groundwater drinking sources. Related water diseases were higher during the rainy season than in the dry season because of the increase in breeding spaces for mosquitoes. Awareness and enlightenment programs should be organised within the community on how to combat malaria. Environmental hygiene and sanitation of the community should be upheld to reduce exposure to these diseases. Ingestion of contaminated food and water should also be avoided.

Keywords:
Hospitals Water Quality Typhoid Population Epidermic

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Ezugwu, M. O., & Akhimien, F. O. “Review of the Effects of Water Characteristics and Quality on Human Health,” International Journal of Current Science Research and Review. 05 (03) 673 – 685, March 2022.
[2]	Levallois , P., & Villanueva, C. M. “Drinking Water Quality and Human Health: An Editorial”, International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health. 16,( 8) 2019.
[3]	Maplandia.Okada Map — Satellite Images of Okada.MapLandia.com: Accessed on June 2022.
[4]	NPC “National Population Commission” www. nationalpopulation.gov.ng. 2006.
[5]	www. tradingeconomics.com. “Nigeria –Rural Population Growth (annual %). Accessed on 29th July, 2022.
[6]	NIS “Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality”ICS 13.060.20. 2007.
[7]	WHO: “Guidelines for drinking water quality” Fourth edition. www. Unicef.org. (2011).
[8]	Wuraola A. Raji, Christaiana Anih, Perpetual Oby Obeta. Assessment of Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals in Borehol Water used for Drinking in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and EnvironmentalManagement.
[9]	Ngubi, F. W., Azike , R. U., Yerima , Y., Azuokwu, A. A., Wurola, & A., R. (2021). Physical and Chemical Quality Assessment of Water Used for Drinking and other Domestic Purposes in Okada Town, Edo State. Proceedings of Igbinedion University First Annual Research Day and Conference (5th August, 2019). Greening Academia/Industry Research Synergy: To Promote Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR)., 01-09.
[10]	Ezugwu, M.O. and Eze, A.B.M, Quality Assessment of Drinking Water Sources in Igbinedion University Okada and its Environs Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research (NIJESR), 2(1): 49-59, 2019.
[11]	Ogieriakhi, O., & Ilevbare, M. “Physicochemical and Hydrogeological Characteristics of Water Obtained From Borehole and Rivers in Okada and Environs”. Journal of Applied Science, Environment and Management, 24(8), 1475-1481 August 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2022, from https:// www.ajol.info/ index.pho/jasem.
[12]	www.freedrinkingwater.com. “How exactly does dissolved oxygen affect water quality. Accessed 31st July, 2022.
[13]	USEPA “Groundwater and Drinking water”2009 www. Epa.gov. Accessed February, 2022.
[14]	SIC “Fact Sheet: Iron for Private Water and Health Regulated Public Water Supplies” Government of Saskatchewan, 2007. Water Information website, . Accessed November, 2021.
[15]	Dalton, J.“Groundwater News”, 2013 Dales water services. www. Dales.water. co.uk. Accessed February 2017.
[16]	WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Vector-Borne Diseases. March, 2020 Retrieved from Newsroom: https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/vector-borne-diseases.
[17]	Agunwamba, J.Water Engineering System. Immaculate publication Limited.Enugu, Nigeria, 2000. 15-45.