Assessment of Water Quality from the Mani River, the Water Source of the Yalenzou Water Supply System in N'Zérékoré Prefecture, Guinea

Richard Adande^{1, 2,} , Michel Mathurin Kamdem^{3, 4}, Herman Léonce Zinsou⁵, Mamadouba Sylla¹, Lancei Koivogui¹, Aboubacar Cissé⁴, Oumar Alpha Baldé⁶ and Edmond Sossoukpè⁷

¹Department of Hydrology, Faculty of Science and Technique, University of N’Zérékoré, P.O Box 50, N'Zérékoré, Guinea

²Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of N'Zérékoré, P.O Box 50, N'Zérékoré, Guinea;Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Wetland Research, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

³Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Private Bag ×13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa

⁴Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of N'Zérékoré, N’Zérékoré, P.O Box 50, N'Zérékoré, Guinea

⁵Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of N'Zérékoré, P.O Box 50, N'Zérékoré, Guinea

⁶Department de Mathematiques, Centre Universitaire de Zérékoré, BP: 50, N’Zérékoré, Guinea

⁷Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Wetland Research, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin

Cite this paper:
Richard Adande, Michel Mathurin Kamdem, Herman Léonce Zinsou, Mamadouba Sylla, Lancei Koivogui, Aboubacar Cissé, Oumar Alpha Baldé and Edmond Sossoukpè. Assessment of Water Quality from the Mani River, the Water Source of the Yalenzou Water Supply System in N'Zérékoré Prefecture, Guinea. American Journal of Water Resources. 2026; 14(1):27-31. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-14-1-4

Abstract

High concentrations of chemical elements and bacteria (enteropathogenic bacteria) in water can cause waterborne diseases that are potentially dangerous to humans without prior effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of the water from the Mani River and the Yalenzou water supply system in order to establish the occasional presence of contaminants. Water was sampled from March to May 2025 (towards the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season), which corresponds to the increase in surface water. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) among the two sampling sites. Mani River recorded the highest mean value of BOD5 (191.33±1.52 mg/L versus 189±3.00 mg/L). Fecal coliforms in the Mani River and raw water of Yalenzou water supply system were 332.33±17.61 and 165±5.00 CFU/100mL respectively. These values were far above the minimum standards set by the World Health Organization (3 coliforms/100 mL of water). Iron, turbidity, nitrite, temperature and salinity characterized the raw water from the water supply system, whereas conductivity, turbidity, salinity, BOD5, fecal and total coliforms characterized water from the Mani River. This study highlights the level of contamination of the Mani River and the questionable quality of water consume in households of the forest region, Guinea.

Keywords:
Water quality physico-chemical characteristics fecal coliform Mani River N'Zérékoré

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Khan, F. A. and Ansari, A. A., “Eutrophication: An ecological vision”. The Botanical Review, 71, 449-482. 2005.
[2]	Singh, B.P.,Choudhury, M., Gupta,P., Chadha,U. and Zewude,D., “Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of River Hindon at Galheta Station from 2009 to 2020”. Environ. Qual. Manag, 33: 331-344. 2024.
[3]	Sunil, C., Somashekar, R. K. and Nagaraja, B. C., “Riparian vegetation assessment of Cauvery River basin of South India”. Environ. Monit. and Assess, 170: 545-553. 2010.
[4]	Yadav, S., Gupta, P., Vatsa, P. and Singh, R. P., “Use of pyroaurite type sorbent, activated carbon and fly ash in reducing cod of domestic waste water”. Enpro. Jour, 1: 30-36. 2011.
[5]	Adam, M., “Contre la ville durable. Une écologie sans transition”, éd. Grevis, 2024. p.140.
[6]	Chung, S. Y., Venkatramanan, S., Park, N., Ramkumar, T., Sujitha, S. B. and Jonathan, M. P., “Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters in water and total heavy metals in sediments at Nakdong River Basin”, Korea. Environ. Earth Sci, 75: 1-12. 2016.
[7]	Gupta, A. K., Kumar, A., Maurya, U. K., Singh, D., Islam, S., Rathore, A. C. and Madhu, M., “Comprehensive spatio-temporal benchmarking of surface water quality of Hindon River, a tributary of river Yamuna, India: Adopting multivariate statistical approach”. Environ. Sci. and Poll. Res, 1-27. 2022.
[8]	Purkayastha, S. P., Choudhury, M., Deb, D. and Paul, C., “Arsenic contamination in ground water is a serious threat in the North Karimganj block of Karimganj district, Southern part of Assam, India”. Jour. of Chem. and Pharm. Res, 7: 371-378. 2015.
[9]	Agwu, E. J., Odanwu, S. E., Ezewudo, B. I., Odo, G. E., Nzei, J. I., Iheanacho, S. C. and Islam, M. S., “Assessment of water quality status using heavy metal pollution indices: A case from Eha-Amufu catchment area of Ebonyi River, Nigeria”. Acta Ecol. Sinica, 43: 989-1000. 2023.
[10]	Gbekley, E. H., Komi, K., Houedakor, K. Z., Poli, S., Kpoezou, K., Adjalo, D. K., Zinsou Klassou, K., Tchacondo, T., Ameyapoh, Y. and Adjoussi, P., “The physico chemical and bacteriological characteriza tion of domestic wastewater in Adétikopé (Togo, West Africa)”. Sustainability, 15(18), 13787. 2023.
[11]	Taiwo, A. M., Ogunsola, D. O., Babawale, M. K., Isichei, O. T., Olayinka, S. O., Adeoye, I. A., Adekoya, G. A. and Tayo, O. E., “Assessment of water quality index and the probable human health impli cations of consuming packaged groundwater from Abeokuta and Sagamu, Southwestern Nigeria”. Sust. (Switzerland), 15: 3566. 2023.
[12]	Rodier, J.: 2009. “L’analyse de l’eau: Eaux naturelles. Eaux résiduaires. Eau de mer”. 9eme édition: Dunod. Paris. p. 1579.
[13]	Edegbene, A.O., Doowuese Y., Temidayo, O. Omotehinwa, H. Z. and Blessing, O. A.: 2025. “Water quality assessment in Benue South, Nigeria: An investigation of physico chemical and microbial characteristics”. Water Sci., 39: 279-290.
[14]	World Health Organization WHO., “Guidelines for drinking water quality. V-I recommendations. World Health Organization”. 2004.
[15]	Goyenola, G., Graeber, D., Meerhoff, M., Jeppesen, E., Teixeira de Mello, F., Vidal, N., Fosalba, C., Ovesen, N. B., Gelbrecht, J., Mazzeo, N. and Kronvang, B., “Influence of farming intensity and climate on lowland stream nitrogen”. Water, 12: 1021. 2020.
[16]	Ifelebuegu, A. O., Ukpebor, J. E., Ahukannah, A. U., Nnadi, E. O. and Theophilus, S. C., “Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta”. Environ. Monitor. and Assess., 189: 173. 2017.
[17]	Chang, H., “Spatial and Temporal Variations of Water Quality in the Han River and Its Tributaries, Seoul, Korea, 1993–2002”. Water Air Soil Pollut., 161: 26-284. 2005.
[18]	Wu Z., Wang X., Chen Y., Cai Y., Deng J., “Assessing river water quality using water quality index in Lake Taihu Basin, China”. Science of the Total Environment. 612-914. 2018.
[19]	Shen, C., and Zhang, Y., “Chapter 25-total plate counts & coliform counts of pond water. In C. Shen & Y. Zhang (Eds.), Introductory microbiology lab skills and techniques in food science (pp. 143–148)”. Academic Press. 2022.
[20]	Curutiu, C., Iordache, F., Gurban, P., Lazar, V. and Chifiriuc, M. C., “14-main microbiological pollu tants of bottled waters and beverages. In A. M. Grumezescu & A. M. Holban (Eds.), Bottled and packaged water (pp.403-422)”. Woodhead Publishing. 2019.
[21]	Tripathi, M., Singal, S.K., “Use of Principal Component Analysis for parameter selection for development of a novel Water Quality Index: A case study of river Ganga India”. Ecol Ind; 96: 430-6. 2019.
[22]	Roya, B.N., Roya, H., Rahman, K.S et al., “Principal component analysis incorporated water quality index modeling for Dhaka-based rivers”. City and Environ. Inter. 23: 100150. 2024.