Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the City of Manga and the Surrounding Area, Burkina Faso, West Africa

Césard Millogo^{1, 2,} , Blehiman Sagnon³, Sayoba Kafando² and Samuel Nakolendoussé²

¹UFR/Sciences Appliquées et Technologies, Université Daniel OUEZZIN-COULIBALY, BP 139, Dédougou, Burkina Faso

²Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE), Département des Sciences de la Terre, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

³Bureau des Mines et de la Géologie du Burkina (BUMIGEB), 01 B.P 601 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso

Cite this paper:
Césard Millogo, Blehiman Sagnon, Sayoba Kafando and Samuel Nakolendoussé. Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the City of Manga and the Surrounding Area, Burkina Faso, West Africa. American Journal of Water Resources. 2024; 12(4):139-148. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-12-4-4

Abstract

The population of the city of Manga and the surrounding area is supplied with drinking water by boreholes exploiting the fractured rock aquifer. However, these boreholes are often managed without considering the impact of natural geogenic and anthropogenic sources of toxic chemicals, which can threaten groundwater quality. Major ion geochemistry, water quality index calculations have been used to understand the hydrogeochemical processes controlling water quality. To carry out this study, 94 water samples from wells were collected and analyzed. Physicochemical parameters indicate neutral and soft waters due to low mineralization. The dominant ions are Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and HCO₃⁻. Most of the analyzed samples are considered excellent according to the WQI. Analysis using bivariate diagrams revealed that the main factors affecting solute acquisition in groundwater are silicate weathering, mineral dissolution and precipitation, ion exchange, and evapotranspiration. This study enabled us to assess the hydrochemical quality of the water and gain a better understanding of the physico-chemical processes controlling the mineralization of groundwater in the study area. It will therefore be a decision-making tool for sustainable water management.

Keywords:
groundwater hydrochemical evolution saturation indices WQI Manga Burkina Faso

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