Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Gambella Regional Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study to Assess the Progress towards Millennium Development Goals for Tuberculosis (2006-2015)

Jemberu Alemu¹, Gezahegne Mamo², Venkataramana Kandi³ and Mahendra Pal^2,

¹College of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Department of Animal Production and Health, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia

²Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.B.No.34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

³Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telengana, India

Cite this paper:
Jemberu Alemu, Gezahegne Mamo, Venkataramana Kandi and Mahendra Pal. Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Gambella Regional Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study to Assess the Progress towards Millennium Development Goals for Tuberculosis (2006-2015). American Journal of Public Health Research. 2017; 5(1):6-11. doi: 10.12691/ajphr-5-1-2

Abstract

A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the progress towards millennium development goals and to generate preliminary epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) in Gambella town hospital and its surroundings in Southwestern Ethiopia. The medical records of all TB patients registered from 2009 to 2014 were assessed retrospectively. A total of 2519 TB patients were registered for the last 6 years and treated in Gambella Regional Hospital. The sex proportion of male TB patients was 60.18 % (1516/2519). The mean and the standard deviation of age was 23.8±13.18. The age group between 15-44 years in both sexes was most frequently affected with both forms of TB (pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis), 1660 (65.9%) followed by 0-14 years of age 508 (20.2%). Of 2519 tuberculosis cases registered in the last 6 years, 637(25.3%) of them were extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases and the rest 1884 (74.79%) were pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Out of 2519 TB cases registered during the six years, 1516 (60.18%) were males, and higher tuberculosis cases were registered (χ2 =4.191; p=0.022). The annual trends of TB for both sexes were gradually declined in the last six years. In conclusion, the retrospective study showed that although there was reduction in the number of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the study area, what should not be undermined is the importance of regular prognostic evaluation among tuberculosis cases. Hence, we re-emphasize that Tuberculosis Control Program should give attention to control of tuberculosis and HIV-TB co-infection in Gambella Region.

Keywords:
extra pulmonary tuberculosis Gambella pulmonary tuberculosis tuberculosis

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Pal, M. (2007). Zoonoses.2nd Ed. Satyam Publishers, Jaipur, India.
[2]	Pal, M., Zenebe, N. and Rahman, M.T. (2014). Growing significance of Mycobacterium bovis in human health.Microbes and Health 3: 21-34.
[3]	WHO. (2013). Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Pp.1-180.
[4]	WHO. (2014). Global tuberculosis report. World Health Organization, Switzerland. Pp.1-147.
[5]	Birhanu, T., Mezgebu, E., Ejeta, E. and Gizachew, A. (2015). Review on diagnostic techniques of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Rep Op 1:7-14.
[6]	Pal, M. (2005). Importance of zoonoses in public health. Ind J Anim Sci 75:586-591.
[7]	Pal, M. (2013). Public health concern due to emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. Intern. J Livestock Research 3: 56-62.
[8]	Rieder, H. L. 1999. Tuberculosis Epidemiology. 1st ed. Paris: IUATLD.
[9]	44th World Health Assembly. Geneva: WHO; 1991 (WHA44/1991/REC/1).
[10]	WHO, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs290/en/.
[11]	WHO (2006). Global Tuberculosis Control http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/144567/1/9241563141_eng.pdf.
[12]	WHO. (2009). Global Tuberculosis Control Epidemiology, Strategy, Financing. WHO/HTM/TB/ 411, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
[13]	Behailu, H., Tsedal, M., Jemal, A., Katckos, G., Weshik, R., Asere, G., Haile, T., Banjo, A., Wasihun, Z. and Umode, U. (2011). Action plan of adaptation to climatic change. Gambella National Regional States Woredas, Ethiopia. Pp. 1-62.
[14]	Tilahune, H. and Schmidt, E. (2012). Spatial Analysis of Livestock Production Patterns in Ethiopia, Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute – Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II, Ethiopia.
[15]	WHO. (2005). Global Tuberculosis Control. Surveillance, Planning, Financing. WHO Report. WHO/HTM/ TB/2005.349. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
[16]	Shargie, B.E. and Lindtjorn, B. (2005). DOTS improves treatment outcomes and services coverage for tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a retrospective tend analysis. Bio Med Center Public Health 5: 62-73.
[17]	Imam, T.S. and Oyeyi, T.I. (2008). A retrospective study of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB): Prevalence amongst patients attending Infectious diseases hospital (IDH) In Kano, Nigeria. J Pure and App Sci 1:10-15.
[18]	Datiko, D.G. and Lindtjørn, B. (2009). Tuberculosis recurrence in smear-positive patients cured under DOTS in southern Ethiopia: retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 9: 1471-2458.
[19]	Jetan, C.A., Jamaiah, I., Rohela, M. and Nissapatorn, M. (2010). Tuberculosis: An Eight Year (2000-2007) Retrospective study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tuberculosis in Malaysia, 2: 378-385.
[20]	Berhe, G., Enquselassie, F. and Aseffa, A. (2012). Treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 12: 537.
[21]	Ejeta, E., Legesse, M. and Ameni, G. (2012). Preliminary study on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Nekemte and its surroundings -Western Ethiopia. STAR 1: 18-25.
[22]	Biadglegne, F., Anagaw, B., Debebe, T., Anagaw, B., Tesfaye, W., Tessema, B., Rodloff, A.C. and Sack, U. (2013). A retrospective study on the outcomes of tuberculosis treatment in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. International J Medicine and Med Sci 5: 85-91.
[23]	Tessema, B., Muche, A., Bekele, A., Reissing, A., Emmrich, F. and Sack, U. (2009): Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study.BMC Public Health 9: 371.
[24]	Prakasha, R.S., Suresh, G., D’sa, P.I., Kumar, G.S., Rao, R. and Shetty, M. (2012). A study of clinical characteristics and trend of different types of tuberculosis in coastal South India. Annals Trop Med and Public Health 5: 489-494.
[25]	Kassu, A., Mengistu, G., Ayele, B., Diro, E., Mekonnen, F., Ketema, D., Moges, F., Mesfine, T., Getachew, A., Ergicho, B., Elis, D., Aseffa, A., Wondmikun, Y., and Ota, F. (2007). Co-infection and clinical manifestation of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus –infected and -uninfected adults at s teaching hospital, North West Ethiopia. J Microbiol Immunol and Infect 40: 116-122.
[26]	Chakraborty, A. K. (2004). Epidemiology of tuberculosis: Current status in India. Review article, Indian J Med Res 120: 248-276.
[27]	WHO. (2012). WHO Tuberculosis Fact Sheet No. 104, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
[28]	Lobato, M.N., Wang, Y., Becerra, J., Simone, P. and Castro, K. (2006). Improved program activities are associated with decreasing tuberculosis incidence in the United States. Public Health Rep 121:108-115.
[29]	Shimao, T. (2009). Tuberculosis prevalence survey in Japan. KekkakuIB 84:713-20.
[30]	Yun, Lo. H., Chou, P., Yang, S., Lee, C. and Kuol, H. (2011). Trends in tuberculosis in Taiwan, 2002–2008. J Formos Med Assoc 110: 501-510.
[31]	Seyoum, T. S. (2007). Study on tuberculosis in North Western Shewa, Central Ethiopia, M.Sc thesis, Aklilue Lemma Institute of Path biology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
[32]	Mohammed, I. (2007). Preliminary study on tuberculosis in Jijiga district, Eastern Ethiopia, MSc. thesis, Aklilue Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
[33]	WHO (2008). Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, planning, financing: WHO Report. WHO/HTM/TB/2008.393. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.