Application of Health Belief Model on COVID Vaccine Acceptance among Employees University in Namas City

Heba Alkotb Mohamed^{1, 2,} , Samar Mohamed Abdelkader² and Abear Husain Al-Shehri³

¹Community Health Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, KSA

²Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Egypt

³Advanced Practice Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Bisha University, KSA

Cite this paper:
Heba Alkotb Mohamed, Samar Mohamed Abdelkader and Abear Husain Al-Shehri. Application of Health Belief Model on COVID Vaccine Acceptance among Employees University in Namas City. American Journal of Nursing Research. 2021; 9(6):182-190. doi: 10.12691/ajnr-9-6-1

Abstract

Background: Awareness of the COVID vaccine and positive beliefs can help in the reduction of coronavirus morbidity and mortality. Aim: The study aimed to examine the effect of application of health belief model COVID vaccine acceptance among university employees in Namas City. Materials and Methods: quasi-experimental research design. The study was conducted in all faculties of Bisha University at Namas district in south KSA. A convenience sample of Saudi employees taking only one dose and refusal received vaccination against COVID at the University of Bisha, Al-Namas branch. The study was conducted from the beginning of February 2021 to the end of 2021 covering 6 months. Three tools were used to conduct this study: a self-administrated questionnaire first tool,about sociodemographic and COVID vaccine knowledge, second tool was HBM scale and third tool. Three tools questionnaire to assess design making toward vaccination against COVID-19 and what are barrier and hesitancy to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine after implementation educational program. Results: Most of the university employees acceptance of COVID vaccine and improved their knowledge and significantly improved HBM constructs compared with the scores before the program (P<0.001). Conclusion: After implementation of the nursing educational program about COVID vaccine for Saudi employees, knowledge improved significantly, and there were significant improvements in perceived severity, barriers, benefits, and the cues to action scores after the program compared with the scores before program (P≤0.001). Recommendations: Propagation of educational programs based on HBM on COVID vaccine to various age groups would help raise public awareness about COVID vaccine and change to positive beliefs for reduction coronavirus morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
COVID vaccine educational program Health Belief Mode

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, Kimball S, El-Mohandes A. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine. 2020 Oct 20: 1-4.
[2]	Al-Mohaithef M, Padhi BK. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 2020; 13: 1657.
[3]	Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, Fang H. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines. 2020 Sep; 8(3): 482.
[4]	Shekhar R, Sheikh AB, Upadhyay S, Singh M, Kottewar S, Mir H, Barrett E, Pal S. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the United States. Vaccines. 2021 Feb; 9(2): 119.
[5]	Nguyen, T., Henningsen, K.H., Brehaut, J.C., Hoe, E. and Wilson, K., 2011. Acceptance of a pandemic influenza vaccine: a systematic review of surveys of the general public. Infection and drug resistance, 4, p.197.
[6]	Xiao X, Wong RM. Vaccine hesitancy and perceived behavioral control: A meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2020 Jul 14; 38(33): 5131-8.
[7]	Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DM, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007-2012. Vaccine. 2014 Apr 17; 32(19): 2150-9.
[8]	Chan EY, Cheng CK, Tam GC, Huang Z, Lee PY. Willingness of future A/H7N9 influenza vaccine uptake: a cross-sectional study of Hong Kong community. Vaccine. 2015 Sep 11; 33(38): 4737-40.
[9]	Quinn SC, Jamison AM, An J, Hancock GR, Freimuth VS. Measuring vaccine hesitancy, confidence, trust and flu vaccine uptake: Results of a national survey of White and African American adults. Vaccine. 2019 Feb 21; 37(9): 1168-73.
[10]	Wong MC, Wong EL, Huang J, Cheung AW, Law K, Chong MK, Ng RW, Lai CK, Boon SS, Lau JT, Chen Z. Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong. Vaccine. 2021 Feb 12; 39(7): 1148-56.
[11]	Fathy EG, Elkarmlawy EM, Mohamed HE, Yousef FK. Effect of Educational Program on Prevention of Pesticides Hazards among Children Working in Agriculture. American Journal of Nursing Research. 2020 Feb 3; 8(2): 199-210.
[12]	Mahmud I, Kabir R, Rahman MA, Alradie-Mohamed A, Vinnakota D, Al-Mohaimeed A. The health belief model predicts intention to receive the covid-19 vaccine in saudi arabia: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Vaccines. 2021 Aug; 9(8): 864.
[13]	Loomba S, de Figueiredo A, Piatek SJ, de Graaf K, Larson HJ. Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nature human behaviour. 2021 Mar; 5(3): 337-48.
[14]	Murphy J, Vallières F, Bentall RP, Shevlin M, McBride O, Hartman TK, McKay R, Bennett K, Mason L, Gibson-Miller J, Levita L. Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Nature communications. 2021 Jan 4; 12(1): 1-5.
[15]	Al-Mohaithef M, Padhi BK. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 2020; 13: 1657.
[16]	Ahmed SR, Esa AS, MohamedEl-zayat OS. Health Belief Model-based educational program about cervical cancer prevention on women knowledge and beliefs. Egyptian Nursing Journal. 2018 Jan 1; 15(1): 39.
[17]	Rashwan H, Lubis SH, Ni KA. Knowledge of cervical cancer and acceptance of HPV vaccination among secondary school students in Sarawak, Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011 Jan 1; 12(7): 1837-41.
[18]	Shmueli L. Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec; 21(1): 1-3.
[19]	Neumann-Böhme S, Varghese NE, Sabat I, Barros PP, Brouwer W, van Exel J, et al. Once we have it, will we use it? A European survey on willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Eur J Health Econ. 2020; 21(7): 977-82.
[20]	MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 14; 33(34): 4161-4.
[21]	Al-Amer R, Maneze D, Everett B, Montayre J, Villarosa AR, Dwekat E, Salamonson Y. COVID-19 vaccination intention in the first year of the pandemic: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2021 Jul 6.
[22]	Albattat HS, Alahmed AA, Alkadi FA, Aldrees OS. Knowledge, attitude, and barriers of seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant women visiting primary healthcare centers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 2019/2020. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021 Feb; 10(2): 783.
[23]	Noman S, Shahar HK, Abdul Rahman H, Ismail S. Effectiveness of an educational intervention of breast cancer screening practices uptake, knowledge, and beliefs among Yemeni female school teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020 Jan; 17(4): 1167.
[24]	Sahai, H., & Khurshid, A. (1996). Formulae and tables for the determination of sample sizes and power in clinical trials for testing differences in proportions for the two-sample design: A review, 15(1): 1-21.
[25]	Khan AA, Alsofayan YM, Alahmari AA, Alowais JM, Algwizani AR, Alserehi HA. COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: the national health response. East Mediterr Health J. 2021.
[26]	Fares, S., Elmnyer, M. M., Mohamed, S. S., & Elsayed, R. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Perception and Attitude among Healthcare Workers in Egypt. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12, 21501327211013303.
[27]	Saied, S. M., Saied, E. M., Kabbash, I. A., & Abdo, S. A. E. F. (2021). Vaccine hesitancy: Beliefs and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students. Journal of medical virology, 93(7), 4280-4291.