Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rats Fed with Heavy Metaled Fish after Exposure to a 47mT Oscillating Magnetic Field

David Dele Abajingin^1, and Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ekun¹

¹Department of Physics and Electronics, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

Cite this paper:
David Dele Abajingin and Oluwafemi Emmanuel Ekun. Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Rats Fed with Heavy Metaled Fish after Exposure to a 47mT Oscillating Magnetic Field. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine. 2019; 7(2):30-35. doi: 10.12691/ajmsm-7-2-2

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of oscillating magnetic field (OSMF) of 47mT on the haematological and biochemical parameters of rats fed with heavy metaled fishes obtained from Alape River and the Atlantic Ocean of Ilaje local government of Ondo state. Thirty rats and two species of fishes, Tilapia and Catfish, were the animals used for this study. The rats were divided into three groups of ten animals each. The first was the control group and were not fed with the fishes neither were they exposed to OSMF, and the other two were the experimental groups. The rats in the second group were fed with a mixture of the powdered form of the Tilapia and Sea catfish for twenty days, there after exposed to oscillating magnetic field for thirty days. The rats in the third group were fed with the powdered form of the fishes but were not exposed to OSMF. The rats in the three groups were sacrificed after the chosen period of exposure and their blood and liver samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical indices respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in hematologic parameters in the groups. However, there was significant increase (p<0.05) in malondialdehyde levels as well as reduced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver and serum of rats in experimental groups, when compared to the control group, but alanine aminotransferase activities were unaffected. This suggests that there are additive, injurious effects in the combined exposure of the animals to heavy metals and oscillating magnetic field by hampering their ability to detoxify free radicals.

Keywords:
oscillating magnetic field haematological parameters biochemical parameters catalase superoxide dismutase malondialdehyde

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Farombi, E. O., Adelowo. O. A. and Ajimoko, Y. R. (2007) Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Levels as Indicators of Environmental Pollution in African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun River. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 4(2), 158-165.
[2]	Babatunde A. M, Waidi O., Adeolu A. A,(2012). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish (hydrocynus forskahlii, hyperopisus bebe occidentalis and clarias gariepinus) organs in downstream ogun coastal water, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science 4(11): 51-59.
[3]	Akintujoye, J. F., Anumudu, C. I. and Awobode, H. O (2013) Assessment of heavy metal residues in water, fish tissue and human blood from Ubeji, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Journal. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 17(2): 291-297.
[4]	Heidarieh, M., Maragheh, M.G., Shamami, M.A., Behgar, M., Ziaei, F., and Akbari, Z. (2013) Evaluate of heavy metals concentration in shrimps (Penaeus Semisulcatus) and crab (Portunus pelagicus) with INAA method. Springer Plus 2(1): 72.
[5]	Chailapakul O, Korsrisakul, S., Siangproh, W., Grudpan, K., (2007) Fast and simultaneous detection of heavy metals using simple and reliable microchip-electrochemistry route; an alternative approach to food analysis. Talanta 74(4): 683-689.
[6]	Zaidi, M. I., Asrar, A, Mansoor A and Farooqui MA (2005). The heavy metal concentrations along roadside trees of Quetta and its effects on public health. J Appl Sci 5: 708-711
[7]	Radwan, M.A. and Salama, A.K. (2006). Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food chem toxicol 44: 1273-1278.
[8]	Jolanta, J., Janina, G., Marek, Z., Elzibieta, R., Mariola, S. and Marek, K. (2001), Influence of 7mT static magnetic field and irons ions on apoptosis and necrosis in rat blood lymphocytes. J. Accup. Health, 43, 379-381.
[9]	Dacie, J. V. and Lewis, S. M. (1991): Practical Haematology. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh. Seventh edition. Pp 521-534.
[10]	Schenck, J. F.(2000). Safety of Strong, Static Magnetic Fields. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging. 12:2-19.
[11]	Jain, N.C. (1986). Schalm’s Veterinary Haematology 4th edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia pp 1221.
[12]	Lehman, I., Sack, U. and Lehman, J. (2011). Metal ions affecting the immune system. Met. Ions Life Sci. 8, 157-185
[13]	Vasudevan, D,M., Sreekumari, S. and Vaidyanathan, K.(2013). Textbook of biochemistry for medical students (7th edition). Jaypee. p.546.
[14]	Voet, D. and Voet, J. (2011). Biochemistry (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 167-168.
[15]	Kumar K.V, Sharief S.D, Rajkumar R,Illango B,Sukumar E.(2011) Influence of Lantana aculeate Stem extract on Haematological Parameters in Rats. Advances in Bioressear.: 2(1): 79-81.
[16]	Jaeger, J. J. and Hedegaard, H. (2002). Liver function tests: In the Danish Hepatitis c website. http://home3. inet.tele.dk/omni/alttest.html.
[17]	Chakravarty, A, K. (2006). Immunology and Immunotechnology. Oxford University Press. pp. 184-185.
[18]	Rosales, C. (2018). Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types? Front. Physiol. 9:113.
[19]	Theron A.J, Tintinger, G.R. and Anderson R. (2012). Harmful Interactions of Non-Essential Heavy Metals with Cells of the Innate Immune System. Journal of Clinical Toxicology S3:005.
[20]	Elekofehinti, O.O., Kamdem, J.P., .Kade, I.J., Rocha, B.T. and Adanlawo, I.G. (2013). Hypoglycemic, antiperoxidative and antihyperlipidemic effects of saponins from Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. South African Journal of Botany. 88: 56-61.
[21]	Kivrak, E. G., Yurt, K.K., Kaplan, A.A., Alkan, I. and Altun, G. (2017). Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on the antioxidant defense system. J Microsc. Ultrastruct. 5(4): 167-176.
[22]	Glinka, M., Gawron, S., Sieron, A.,PawBowska-Góral, K., Cieslar, G. and Sieron, K. (2018). Impact of static magnetic field on the antioxidant defence system of mice fibroblasts. BioMed Research International. Vol. 2018. Pp 1-8.
[23]	Amara, S., Abdelmelek, H. Salem, M. B., Abidi, R. and Sakly, M. (2006) Effects of Static Magnetic Field Exposure on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology Vol.49(6): 889-895.
[24]	Sihem, C., Hafedh, A., Mohsen, S., Marc, P, J. and Khmais, B.R. (2006). Effects of sub-acute exposure to magnetic field on blood hematological and biochemical parameters in female rats. Turk. J. Hematol. 23: 182-187.
[25]	Osuala, F. I., Otitoloju, A.A. and Igwo-Ezikpe, M. N.(2014). Usefulness of liver and kidney function parameters as biomarkers for heavy metals exposure in a mammalian model Mus musculus. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. 8(3): 65-73.
[26]	Metzler, D. E. (2003). Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells (2nd ed) Elsevier. p.317.