Viral Diseases of Papaya in Côte d’Ivoire: Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Ringspot Virus and Other Viruses

K. Séka^1, , A. J. N’cho², F. K. Yao³ and H. Atta Diallo³

¹,2,4Pole of Research Crop production, University Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

²National Agricultural Research Center, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

³3National Agricultural Research Center, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Cite this paper:
K. Séka, A. J. N’cho, F. K. Yao and H. Atta Diallo. Viral Diseases of Papaya in Côte d’Ivoire: Distribution and Molecular Characterization of Ringspot Virus and Other Viruses. American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2023; 11(3):83-87. doi: 10.12691/ajmr-11-3-4

Abstract

In Côte d’Ivoire, it has been almost impossible to grow papaya for local consumption and export due to the resurgence of the viral disease of papaya since 2003. It is therefore required to make an inventory, distribution and characterization of papaya virus in the country. To this end, leaf and fruit samples with or without viral disease symptoms were collected in 37 localities from Côte d’Ivoire for laboratory analysis. DAS-ELISA diagnostic tests with a detection kit of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) were carried out on 218 leaf samples collected. Ten dried leaf samples showing symptoms of viral diseases including three tested positive for PRSV were selected for study on electron microscopy and molecular analysis. Various symptoms similar to those caused by the virus were observed, including: discoloration, arabesques, mosaic, vein clearing, leaf crinkling, shoestring and ringspot of different sizes and shapes on fruits. Of the 218 leaf samples tested, 63 (or 28.90 %) were PRSV-positive and 147 (or 67.43 %) showing symptoms similar to those caused by the viruses did not react positively to PRSV. Viral particles of isometric shape and sizes ranging from 33-50 nm in diameter were observed in 9 out of 10 samples observed. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the PRSV gene portion shows homology ranging from 97 to 99% among the 7 isolates from different localities of Côte d’Ivoire. In addition of PRSV, Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) could be present en Côte d’Ivoire iven if the primary test are not successuf.

Keywords:
Carica papaya Côte d'Ivoire papaya ringspot virus distribution molecular characterization

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Figures

References:

[1]	FAOSTAT 2013. Food and Agricultural Organization Statistics Database. site/567/Desktopdefault.aspx, 10/01/2015.
[2]	Tenant PF, Fermin GA, Roye ME. 2007. Virus infecting papaya (Carica papaya L.): Etiology pathogenesis and molecular biology. Plant Viruses 1, 178-188.
[3]	Jensen DD. 1949. Papaya virus diseases with special reference to Papaya ringspot. Phytopathology 39, 191-211.
[4]	Lastra R, Quintero E. 1981. Papaya apical necrosis, a new disease associated with a rhabdovirus. Plant Disease 65, 439-440.
[5]	Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dalwitz MJ, Gibbs A, Watson L. 1996. Papaya mosaic potexvirus. Viruses of Plants: Descriptions and Lists from VIDE the Database, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 5 pp.
[6]	Gonsalves D, Trujillo E. 1996. Tomato spotted wilt virus of papaya and detection of the virus by ELISA. Plant Disease 70, 501-506.
[7]	Silva AMR, Kitajima EW, Sousa MV, Resend RO. 1997. Papaya lethal yellowing virus: a possible member of Tombusvirus genus. Fitopatologia Brasileira 22, 529-534.
[8]	Kawano S, Yonaha T. 1992. The occurrence of Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus in Okinawa. Technical Bulletin of the Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taipei 132, 13-23.
[9]	Maoka T, Kawano S, Usugi T. 1995. Occurrence of the P strain of Papaya ringspot virus in Japan. Annals of the Phytopathological Society, Japan 61, 34-37.
[10]	Chen LF, Gaul HJ, Yeh SD. 2002. Identification of viruses capable of breaking transgenic resistance of papaya conferred by the coat protein gene. Acta Horticulturae 575, 465-474.
[11]	Saxena S, Hallan V, Singh BP, Sane PV. 1998. Evidence from nucleic acid hybridation test for for a germinivirus infection causing leaf curl disease of papaya in India. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36, 229-232.
[12]	Arocha Y, Vighery N, Nkoy-Florent B, Bakwanamaha K, Bolomphety B, Kasongo M, Betts P, Menger WA, Harju V, Mumford RA, Jones P. 2007. First report of the identification of Moroccan Watermelon mosaic virus in papaya in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).New Disease reports. Plant pathology (http // asp).
[13]	Ouattara A, Tiendrébégo F, Lefeuvre P, Hoareau M, Claverie S, Traoré VE, Barro N, Traoré O, Varsani A, Lett JM. 2017. New strains of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus discovered on diseased papaya and tomato plants in Burkina Faso. Archives of virology.
[14]	Diallo AH, Monger W, Kouassi KN, Yoro DT, Jones P. 2007. First report of Papaya ringspot virus infecting papaya in Côte d’Ivoire. Plant Pathology 56, 718.
[15]	Diallo AH, Monger W, Kouassi KN, Yoro DT, Jones P. 2008. Occurrence of Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya in Ivory Coast. Plant Viruses 2 (1): 52-57.
[16]	Clark MF, Adams AN. 1977. Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virology 34, 475-483.
[17]	Bioreba 2009. Buffer preparation. Technical information. Your parther in agro-diagnostic., 1p.
[18]	Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. The Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Oxford University, Oxford. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30 (12): 2725-2729.
[19]	Noa-Carrazana JC, González-de-León D, Ruiz-Castro BS, Piñero D, Silva-Rosales L. 2006. Distribution of Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya mosaic virus in Papaya Plants (Carica papaya) in Mexico. Plant Disease 90 (8): 1004-1011.
[20]	Cruz SCF, Tanada MJ, Elvira VRP, Dolores ML, Magdalita MP, Hautea MD, Hautea AR. 2009. Detection of Mixed Virus Infection with Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Grown in Luzon, Philippines. Philippines Journal of Crop Science 34 (2): 62-74.
[21]	Noshad QQ, Zafar Y, Khan MA, Rashid N, Zahid N, Bashir T, Ali Z, Naseem S. 2015. First record of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) strain in Malir district Sindh and in Islamabad Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 17 (2) : 399-402.
[22]	Noa-Carrazana JC, González-de-León D, Ruiz-Castro BS, Piñero D, Silva-Rosales L. 2006. Distribution of Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya mosaic virus in Papaya Plants (Carica papaya) in Mexico. Plant Disease 90 (8): 1004-1011.
[23]	Shen W, Tuo D, Yang Y, Yan P, Li X, Zhou P. 2015. First report of mixed infection of Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus on Carica papaya L. Journal of Plant Pathology 96 (4, supplement): 113-131.
[24]	Astier S, Albouy J, Maury Y, Lecoq H. 2001. Principes de virologie végétale: génome, pouvoir pathogène, écologie des virus. INRA Editions, Paris, France, 488p.