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American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2021, 9(1), 1-8
DOI: 10.12691/ajmr-9-1-1
Open AccessReview Article

Bovine Tuberculosis: A Review of Molecular Diagnostic Methods and Impact on Public Health

Mahendra Pal1, Gemechu Berhanu2, Diba Feyisa3, Bizunesh Mideksa4 and Venkataramana Kandi5,

1Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, Anand, Gujarat, India

2College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia

3Hababo Guduru District Livestock and Fisheries Resource Development Office, Oromia, Ethiopia

4Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Ambo University, Ethiopia

5Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, India

Pub. Date: January 03, 2021
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Cite this paper:
Mahendra Pal, Gemechu Berhanu, Diba Feyisa, Bizunesh Mideksa and Venkataramana Kandi. Bovine Tuberculosis: A Review of Molecular Diagnostic Methods and Impact on Public Health. American Journal of Microbiological Research. 2021; 9(1):1-8. doi: 10.12691/ajmr-9-1-1

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease of cattle, other domesticated animals, and certain wildlife populations. It has been widely distributed throughout the world, and it has been a cause for great economic loss in animal production. In developed countries, the eradication programs have reduced or eliminated TB in cattle. Many factors contribute to the persistence of the disease, such as the limitations of diagnostic tests, larger herd sizes, increase in animal movements and trade, and limited options for control, such as restrictions on whole herd depopulation. The available advanced TB diagnostic techniques can detect and differentiate the causative mycobacterial species, and help an early confirmation of the diagnosis, which is useful to design appropriate control measures in the national BTB control programs. Molecular diagnostics, such as polymerase chain reaction, spoligotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), variable number tandem repeats typing (VNTR), and polymorphism GC-rich repeat sequence (PGRS) are the techniques used for concurrent detection and typing of Mycobacterium species at the strain level. The molecular epidemiology is also being used to identify the source of contamination, to determine the risk factors of BTB transmissions, to investigate the drug resistance pattern, and to track the geographic distribution and spread of clones of Mycobacteria species. The molecular diagnosis is the tool to check whether active transmission or reactivation of BTB, hence, it is better to adopt these methods for the epidemiological survey of BTB. Since BTB is a major public health problem, at least a single reference laboratory should be available for molecular based diagnosis as part of its control.

Keywords:
 bovine tuberculosis molecular diagnostic techniques molecular epidemiology polymorphism GC-rich repeat sequence (PGRS) public health restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) variable number tandem repeats typing (VNTR) zoonosis

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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