Economic non Metallic Mineral Resources in Quaternary Sediments of Tehran and its Environmental Effects

Kaveh Khaksar^1,

¹Institute of Scientific Applied Higher Education of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Education and Extension Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Karaj, Iran

Cite this paper:
Kaveh Khaksar. Economic non Metallic Mineral Resources in Quaternary Sediments of Tehran and its Environmental Effects. American Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. 2014; 2(4):75-80. doi: 10.12691/ajmm-2-4-3

Abstract

Air pollution in Tehran is widely recognized as a serious environmental challenge, posing significant threats to the health of the resident population. As one of the most evident natural hazards and significant environmental issues, the dust phenomenon has raised significant concern within the research community. In light of the negative effect of dust mass in urban areas, robust and effective early warning systems are necessary; continuously enhanced monitoring of dust aerosols are a critical step in developing such systems. Tehran plain in general is of alluvial fan accumulation. The Quaternary of Tehran plain has up to 1100 m of sediments belongs to four lithostratigraphic units. They contain both non-metallic resources. Non-metallic resources of Quaternary strata include construction aggregates for the residential, industrial and transportation segments of the population, ceramic clays and laterites. Tehran region can be divided into 4 geological units as follows: Hezardareh F., Kahrizak F., Tehran alluvial F. and Holocene alluvium. The quaternary sand and gravel mines of Tehran have been exploited widely and this exploration is one of the causes of the environmental pollution. The over-exploitation of construction material mines in southern Tehran has become a source of dust particles, adding to air pollution problems in the Iranian capital.

Keywords:
quaternary sand and gravel mines Tehran plain environmental pollution

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References:

[1]	Abrishamchi, A., 2013. Overview of Key Urban Air Pollution Problems in Iran and its Capital City, Tehran, PROCEEDINGS OF THE U.S.-IRAN SYMPOSIUM ON AIR POLLUTION IN MEGACITIES, Irvine, California, September 3-5, 2013.
[2]	Bayat, R.; Torkian, R.; Najafi, M.; Askariyeh, M.H.; Arhami, [2012] M. Source apportionment of Tehran’s air pollution by emission inventory, Paper presented at the 2012 International Emission Inventory Conference of EPA. 13-16 Aug 2012. Tampa, FL, U.S.A.
[3]	“Mining in Iran – Country Mine”. Info Mine. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
[4]	“Iran's mineral exports up 39 percent”. Press TV. 17 January 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
[5]	World's ninth largest - revised from second largest in 2010.
[6]	US Geological Survey, Mineral commodity summary: iron ore, 2013.
[7]	http://www.tehrantimes.com/index.php/economy-and-business/ 92737-irans-copper-output-will-increase-35-fold.
[8]	http://www.irtp.com/howto/partner/partner/chap2/chap2iii.htm.
[9]	“Iran's Economy”. Iraniantrade.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
[10]	http://www.earthstonegroup.com/blog/?p=709.
[11]	“advantageaustria.org – official business portal Austria (B2B, import, export, Austrian products, investment)”.
[12]	Austriantrade.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
[13]	“Iran's Islamic Revolution and Its Future – Harvard – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs”.
[14]	“Iran's Islamic Revolution and Its Future – Harvard – Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs”.
[15]	Belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
[16]	RIEBEN, H. 1966 - Geological observations on alluvial deposits in northern Iran. Geol. Survey of Iran, Rep. No. 9, 40 p., 10 figs., 1 pl. (map).
[17]	Khaksar, K. and Khaksar, K., (2012). Correlation between quaternary stratigraphy units in different geological zones of Iran, International Research Journal of Geology and Mining (IRJGM) (2276-6618) Vol. 2(6) pp. 141-147, August.
[18]	Khaksar K., Rahmati M. and Haghighi S., (2011). Quaternary stratigraphy of northern Alborz range – Iran, Proceedings of the VII All – Russian Quaternary Conference “The Quaternary in all of its variety. Basic issues, results, and major trends of further research”, 12-17 September 2011.
[19]	Ghayomian, J., Fatemi Aghda, S. M., Maleki, M. and Shoaei, Z., (2006). Engineering Geology of Quaternary Deposits of Greater Tehran, Iran, The Geological Society of London 2006, IAEG2006 Paper number 248.
[20]	Hashemi Monfared, S. A. 2008, Environmental effects of irregular extracting of gravel from river beds, EE08 Proceedings of the 3rd IASME/WSEAS international conference on Energy & Environment P. 213-218.
[21]	Tehran municipality, Public & International Relations Department, (1014), http://www.tehran.ir/.
[22]	Shahrvand daily, Mining in southern Tehran adds to pollution in capital, July. 5. 2014.