Extrapulmonary Involvement in Sarcoidosis: A Case Report

Courtney Connelly¹, Abida Hasan¹, Zachary Chung¹, Erli Mingomataj¹, Vinodkumar Velayudhan¹ and Isabel M. McFarlane^1,

¹Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York- Downstate Health Science University, Brooklyn, NY, USA- 11203

Cite this paper:
Courtney Connelly, Abida Hasan, Zachary Chung, Erli Mingomataj, Vinodkumar Velayudhan and Isabel M. McFarlane. Extrapulmonary Involvement in Sarcoidosis: A Case Report. American Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2020; 8(7):210-215. doi: 10.12691/ajmcr-8-7-13

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem granulomatous disease that affects patients of all races and ethnic groups however predilection for women and African Americans is apparent. Extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis occur in up to 50% of cases. The most common sites of extrapulmonary involvement are the skin, eyes, liver, and reticuloendothelial system followed bt renal, cardiac, and neurological involvement. We present the case of a middle age man with exclusive extrapulmonary sarcoidosis affecting the renal, cardiac, hepatic, splenic and central nervous system. The patient sustained a second episode of venous thromboembolism which highlights a frequently seen complication of sarcoidosis. We discuss the proposed pathophysiology for the prothrombotic state seen in sarcoidosis and imaging modalities that can be utilized to assess extrapulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis. Lastly, sarcoidosis management is reviewed, highlighting that immunosuppressants and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are being proposed to arrest disease progression and reduce glucocorticoid doses.

Keywords:
sarcoidosis extrapulmonary manifestations cardiac sarcoidosis hepatic sarcoidosis neuro-sarcoidosis renal sarcoidosis venous thromboembolism arterial aneurysm stroke end stage renal disease

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