Premature Rupture of the Membranes at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé, Togo: Microbiological Findings and Outcomes

Mounerou Salou^1, , Fiali Lack¹, Amah Biova Adama-Hondegla², Sika Dossim³, Novissi Tsogbalé¹, Adama Gbadoé⁴, koffi Akpadza² and Mireille Prince-David¹

¹Service de Microbiologie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé-Togo

²Servie de gynécologie obstétrique CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé-Togo

³Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU Campus, Lomé –Togo

⁴Service de Pédiatrie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé-Togo

Cite this paper:
Mounerou Salou, Fiali Lack, Amah Biova Adama-Hondegla, Sika Dossim, Novissi Tsogbalé, Adama Gbadoé, koffi Akpadza and Mireille Prince-David. Premature Rupture of the Membranes at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lomé, Togo: Microbiological Findings and Outcomes. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. 2015; 3(6):152-156. doi: 10.12691/ajidm-3-6-1

Abstract

Introduction: To prevent the risk of infections in cases of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), a pregnancy complication, gynecologists of the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital used clavulanic acid and amoxicillin as empiric antibiotic therapy intravenously. This study aims to identify and assess the susceptibility to antibiotics of bacteria involved in PROM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 25 to June 06, 2014 on 60 pregnant women presenting a PROM and their 65 newborns, recruited in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Togo. In mothers, cytological and bacteriological examinations of vaginal and endocervix swabs were carried out and among newborns, cytological and bacteriological examinations were performed on gastric fluid and ear swabs at the Microbiology Service of the university hospital. Results: The frequency of PROM was 6.8% of deliveries during the study period. Pathogens were isolated among 48.3% of mothers and 26.2% of newborns. Vaginal and endocervix swabs allowed isolation of pathogens in 45% and 28.3% of cases, respectively. The most isolated pathogens were Candida albicans (28.6%)(14/53) and enterobacteria (41.5%)(22/53), mainly represented by Escherichia coli (59.1%)(13/22). We also isolated Group B Streptococci (GBS) strains (7.5%)(4/53). Pathogen isolation rate among newborns was 26.2%(17/65). Of these pathogens, Escherichia coli represented 60%(15/25). Pathogens found in 10.7% of newborns were phenotypically identical to those isolated from their mothers. Among newborns, E. coli was the most isolated strain in gastric fluid (66.7%)(4/6) as well as from ear swabs (57.9%)(11/19). Conclusion: Half of PROM cases in this study were associated with presence of pathogen amongst pregnant women; E. coli and Group B Streptococcus known to cause neonatal meningitis were found. Unfortunately, a few isolated strains of E. coli were resistant to clavulanic acid-amoxicillin, a combination used as empiric antibiotic therapy by healthcare practitioners in our settings.

Keywords:
premature rupture of the membranes pregnancy labor bacteriological examination bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing

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